Shepherds "> Bulls "> Judges -> Angels -> gods -> God !!
The motifs composing the universal mono-myth.
In the epics of Homer Shepherd means leader, person in charge of a group of people who may be warriors, civilians or the persons responsible for a household.
The standard expression is , Shepherd of people
" , , (A 263)
, , (B 105)
, , (B 254) Agamemnon, Shepherd of people
, ( 469)
,( 456)
[], , ( 70)
(from the original ancient texts)
First Shepherds ever were the gods.
Plato writes the following in his dialogue Critias:
[109b] Once upon a time the gods were taking over by lot the whole earth according to its regions,"not according to the results of strife: for it would not be reasonable to suppose that the gods were ignorant of their own several rights, nor yet that they attempted to obtain for themselves by means of strife a possession to which others, as they knew, had a better claim. So by just allotments they received each one his own, and they settled their countries; and when they had thus settled them, they reared us up, even as herdsmen [109c] rear their flocks, to be their cattle and nurslings; (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/tex ... riti.+109b)
The above is obviously the information conveyed to Plato by the oral tradition, either the Greek or the Egyptian. What follows is the theological explanation that Plato provides to justify this strange information:
only it was not our bodies that they constrained by bodily force, like shepherds guiding their flocks with stroke of staff, but they directed from the stern where the living creature is easiest to turn about, laying hold on the soul by persuasion, as by a rudder, according to their own disposition; and thus they drove and steered all the mortal kind.(http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/tex ... ion%3D109c)
The first paragraph (109b) consists of empirical ideas: they saw the gods dividing the land between themselves. There is nothing unnatural once the gods are regarded as normal human beings as they are described in the texts.
The second paragraph (109c) about gods steering human souls, is just philosophical poetry devoid of any value
The gods divided Near East into estates and thus there were the estate of Horus, the estate of Seth, the estate of Osiris and so on. In Utterance 224 the dead King, who is supposed to have been transformed into a supreme deity, is given to rule the regions of Horus, the regions of Seth and the regions of Osiris. In Utterance 477 everything is given to the King:
The sky is given to you, the earth is given to you, and the Fields of Rushes, the regions of Horus, and the regions of Seth; the towns are given to you and the nomes assembled for you by Atum. (961)
(R.O.Faulkner, The Ancient Pyramid Texts, p.164)
According to the Old Testament the God divided the earth, humans included, between his sons, or according to the number of his sons.
When the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to the number of children of Israel. (Deu.32:8)
The passage according to Septuagint:
-, ,
- .
means of the Angels of God and is the usual rendering in Greek of the phrase Children of God. In his book Understanding the Dead Sea Scrolls, Hershel Shanks writes that on a fragmentary text from the Dead Sea Scrolls, that dates from the 1st century CE, and contains Deuteronomy 32:8, the last phrase is Children of God and not Children of Israel. This text represents the oldest known Hebrew copy of Deuteronomy 32:8.
In a Sumerian Hymn to Enlil we read:
Enlil, when you marked off holy settlements on earth. (Hymn to Enlil, the All-Beneficent, line 65, ANET, p. 574)
From the Creation Epic (Enuma Elish):
To the Anunnaki of heaven and earth had allotted their portions. (VI,46)
All the gods apportioned the stations of heaven and earth. (VI,79)
Gishnumunab, creator of all people, who made the (world) regions. (VII,89) (ANET, pp. 67-71)
In the Akkadian myth Etana, it is the Anunnaki themselves who create the regions.
Old Babylonian version, opening lines:
The great Anunnaki, who decree the fate,
Sat down, taking counsel about the land.
They who created the regions, who set up the establishments. (ANET, p.114)
The owner god of each one of these regions, establishments or estates "containing the number of humans allotted to the particular god- was called Shepherd, and the human population flock.
A quite well known Shepherd, although god by two thirds only, is Gilgamesh.
The story of Gilgamesh, of a Shepherd who was at the same time acting as Bull raping the female members of his flock, introduces Bulls, the second stage in the evolution of the fleshy, human gods of the tradition, into immaterial heavenly beings of the philosophers and theologians.
To be continued
Shepherds "> Bulls "> Judges -> Angels -> go
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Shepherds "> Bulls "> Judges -> Angels -> gods -> God !!
The motifs composing the universal mono-myth
Part Two, Bulls
The first creatures ever to be domesticated were the humans by the so-called gods. The terms Shepherd and flock are, therefore, used metaphorically when applied to animals and not to humans.
Moreover, if we choose the metaphorical meaning explanation well have to apply it to the Bulls too, who came as the result of the material existence of the Shepherds, then to the Judges, to the Messengers and finally to the Angels and the immaterial gods where it cannot be applied.
Diodorus Siculus in his 3rd book of The Library of History in paragraphs 56 and 57 recounts a myth of the ancient inhabitants of North Western Africa whom he calls Atlantians (in paragraph 53 Atlas Mountains are mentioned) who dwell in the regions on the edge of the ocean and that it was among them that mythology places the birth of the gods (No connection whatever with mythical Atlantis).
Diodorus writes:
This is the account given in their myth: Their first king was Uranus, and he gathered the human beings, who dwelt in scattered habitations, within the shelter of a walled city and caused his subjects to cease from their lawless ways and their bestial manner of living.
The entire story can be found in the website
http://archive.org/stream/diodorusofsic ... 2/mode/2up
in page 263 of the book.
When Uranus passed away his name was given to the heavens and he had been translated from among men into the circle of the gods.
, metastasis is the word used by Diodorus for the transformation of Uranus from man to god.
There were no walled cities at that time so the humans were gathered into pens, camps or enclosures as they are called in the ANE (Ancient Near Eastern) texts.
In the Egyptian funerary texts the place where the flock lives is described as dark and arid in contrast to the place of the residence of the Shepherd which is full of light and running cool waters.
The title of the Book of the Dead is Going out into the light and represents the only thing that those into the pens wish and dream for: to get out of the Darkness as they call their place, and be transferred over to the West, to the land of light and serve the Shepherd.
The various recensions of the epic of Gilgamesh at our disposal are younger than the Pyramid texts by from 600 to 1,800 years but they retain a very accurate description of the deeds and behavior of a Shepherd:
11. The men of Uruk fu[me] in [their] cha[mbers (?)]:
12. [Gilgamesh] lea[ves] no son to [his] fath[er];
13. [Day] and [night his] outra[geousness] continues unrestrained
14. [Yet Gilga]mesh [is the shepherd] of Uruk, the enc[losure].
15. He is [our] shepherd, [strong, handsome, and wise].
16. [Gilgamesh] leaves no [virgin to her lover] ,
17. The daughter of the war[rior, the chosen of the noble] ! . (I,ii)
(Aleexander Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels, p.18)
Gilgamesh was acting as Bull as per the orders of the gods:
32.That with lawful wives he might mate!
33. He is the first,
34. The husband comes after.
35. By the counsel of the gods it has (so) been ordained.
36. With the cutting of his umbilical cord
37. It was decreed for him! (II, iv)(ANET, p.78)
The gods selected Gilgamesh from the time he was born for the role of the Shepherd and Bull; the women of the herd should bear his children, not those of their husbands.
The same information is conveyed by the Pyramid Texts:
I appear as Sobk, son of Neith, I eat with my mouth, I urinate and copulate with my phallus, I am the owner of seed who takes women from their husbands whenever he wishes, according to his desire (Utt. 317 510)(Faulkner, p. 99)
In The Legend of Ptah Nefer-Hetep and the princess of Bekhten we read:
The Bull brave of heart sends semen, being bull, king and god.
kA mn-ib hb =f mtwt wn kA nsw nTr
the bull stable of heart sends he semen being bull king god
(W.Budge, Legends of the Egyptian gods, pp, 106-107)
In a Hymn to Amon-Re (Papyrus Boulaq 17, the Cairo Museum, 16th " 14th century BCE) we read the following verses:
Hail to thee, Amon-Re,
Lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands, Presiding over Karnak,
Bull of His Mother, Presiding over His Field!
..
The goodly bull of the Ennead, chief of all the gods.(i)
.
In this thy name of Amon, Bull of His Mother;
Maker of all mankind. (x)(ANET, pp, 365, 367)
The expression Bull of his Mother is a form of addressing the supreme, self created, god and was known to the Greeks as (Kamifis) from the Egyptian Ka-mut-ef.
kA mwt =f
Bull mothers his
No creation of any kind of beings is considered possible without sexual intercourse. The common gods can claim to have been begotten by a god, superior or not, but a superior god has nobody to present as his begetter; he, himself, is the only one available.
Who is he? He is Osiris. Otherwise said: His name is Re, the phallus of Re when he copulated with himself
(The Book of the Dead, Papyrus of Any, Ch. 17, plate 7, line 24)
From the Coffin Texts:
O you whom the Bull begot . (Spell 15 46, Faulkner translating)
To be continued
The motifs composing the universal mono-myth
Part Two, Bulls
The first creatures ever to be domesticated were the humans by the so-called gods. The terms Shepherd and flock are, therefore, used metaphorically when applied to animals and not to humans.
Moreover, if we choose the metaphorical meaning explanation well have to apply it to the Bulls too, who came as the result of the material existence of the Shepherds, then to the Judges, to the Messengers and finally to the Angels and the immaterial gods where it cannot be applied.
Diodorus Siculus in his 3rd book of The Library of History in paragraphs 56 and 57 recounts a myth of the ancient inhabitants of North Western Africa whom he calls Atlantians (in paragraph 53 Atlas Mountains are mentioned) who dwell in the regions on the edge of the ocean and that it was among them that mythology places the birth of the gods (No connection whatever with mythical Atlantis).
Diodorus writes:
This is the account given in their myth: Their first king was Uranus, and he gathered the human beings, who dwelt in scattered habitations, within the shelter of a walled city and caused his subjects to cease from their lawless ways and their bestial manner of living.
The entire story can be found in the website
http://archive.org/stream/diodorusofsic ... 2/mode/2up
in page 263 of the book.
When Uranus passed away his name was given to the heavens and he had been translated from among men into the circle of the gods.
, metastasis is the word used by Diodorus for the transformation of Uranus from man to god.
There were no walled cities at that time so the humans were gathered into pens, camps or enclosures as they are called in the ANE (Ancient Near Eastern) texts.
In the Egyptian funerary texts the place where the flock lives is described as dark and arid in contrast to the place of the residence of the Shepherd which is full of light and running cool waters.
The title of the Book of the Dead is Going out into the light and represents the only thing that those into the pens wish and dream for: to get out of the Darkness as they call their place, and be transferred over to the West, to the land of light and serve the Shepherd.
The various recensions of the epic of Gilgamesh at our disposal are younger than the Pyramid texts by from 600 to 1,800 years but they retain a very accurate description of the deeds and behavior of a Shepherd:
11. The men of Uruk fu[me] in [their] cha[mbers (?)]:
12. [Gilgamesh] lea[ves] no son to [his] fath[er];
13. [Day] and [night his] outra[geousness] continues unrestrained
14. [Yet Gilga]mesh [is the shepherd] of Uruk, the enc[losure].
15. He is [our] shepherd, [strong, handsome, and wise].
16. [Gilgamesh] leaves no [virgin to her lover] ,
17. The daughter of the war[rior, the chosen of the noble] ! . (I,ii)
(Aleexander Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels, p.18)
Gilgamesh was acting as Bull as per the orders of the gods:
32.That with lawful wives he might mate!
33. He is the first,
34. The husband comes after.
35. By the counsel of the gods it has (so) been ordained.
36. With the cutting of his umbilical cord
37. It was decreed for him! (II, iv)(ANET, p.78)
The gods selected Gilgamesh from the time he was born for the role of the Shepherd and Bull; the women of the herd should bear his children, not those of their husbands.
The same information is conveyed by the Pyramid Texts:
I appear as Sobk, son of Neith, I eat with my mouth, I urinate and copulate with my phallus, I am the owner of seed who takes women from their husbands whenever he wishes, according to his desire (Utt. 317 510)(Faulkner, p. 99)
In The Legend of Ptah Nefer-Hetep and the princess of Bekhten we read:
The Bull brave of heart sends semen, being bull, king and god.
kA mn-ib hb =f mtwt wn kA nsw nTr
the bull stable of heart sends he semen being bull king god
(W.Budge, Legends of the Egyptian gods, pp, 106-107)
In a Hymn to Amon-Re (Papyrus Boulaq 17, the Cairo Museum, 16th " 14th century BCE) we read the following verses:
Hail to thee, Amon-Re,
Lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands, Presiding over Karnak,
Bull of His Mother, Presiding over His Field!
..
The goodly bull of the Ennead, chief of all the gods.(i)
.
In this thy name of Amon, Bull of His Mother;
Maker of all mankind. (x)(ANET, pp, 365, 367)
The expression Bull of his Mother is a form of addressing the supreme, self created, god and was known to the Greeks as (Kamifis) from the Egyptian Ka-mut-ef.
kA mwt =f
Bull mothers his
No creation of any kind of beings is considered possible without sexual intercourse. The common gods can claim to have been begotten by a god, superior or not, but a superior god has nobody to present as his begetter; he, himself, is the only one available.
Who is he? He is Osiris. Otherwise said: His name is Re, the phallus of Re when he copulated with himself
(The Book of the Dead, Papyrus of Any, Ch. 17, plate 7, line 24)
From the Coffin Texts:
O you whom the Bull begot . (Spell 15 46, Faulkner translating)
To be continued
