Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

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Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

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Post by Divine Insight »

In another thread The Tanager has requested a separate thread for his argument for the existence of a Non-Subjective morality.
The Tanager wrote: You made the claim that subjective morality exists in that other thread and this one. I am responding to that claim. I'm also willing afterwards to offer my own reasons for believing in non-subjective morality. If and/or how would one come to know what the non-subjective morality is would be an additional question, but it does not settle this one that we are talking about because of the claims you have made. After this discussion, start a thread on that and I'll share my thoughts.
I would be very interested to hear these arguments.
The Tanager wrote: If and/or how would one come to know what the non-subjective morality is would be an additional question
I agree. First we need to have reasons to even suspect that such a thing exists. I would like to hear those arguments first.

But yes, if those initial arguments are compelling (which I confess to being skeptic about already), a far more important question would be the question of how we could come to know what those moral rules are.

Without this additional knowledge the existence of a non-subjective morality would be useless. A system of morality whose content cannot be known would be meaningless.

So yes, we not only need to have arguments for the existence of a non-subjective morality, but we then need to know precisely what it contains without ambiguity.

Any ambiguity would bring us right back to having to subjectively guess what we think it might contain anyway. So that would hardly be useful and would instantly return us right back to a state of subjective morality.

So yes, we don't just need to know that an objective morality exists, but we also need to know precisely what it contains.
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Re: Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

Post #31

Post by Divine Insight »

Artie wrote: Some behaviors are objectively beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society, some behaviors are objectively detrimental. Human subjective opinions about those behaviors are completely irrelevant to whether those behaviors are actually objectively beneficial or detrimental. Hence morality is objective.
Before you can lay claim to "morality" being objective in this case you would first need to construct a system of morality based on that principle.

You haven't invented that system of morality yet.

By the way, a system of morality based on what is "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society" becomes subjective as many different people are going to hold different subjective opinions on what constitutes the well-being and survival of society.

If you think these questions are carved in stone and cannot be challenged you are sadly mistaken.

For example is allowing gay marriage and gay family units "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society". Valid arguments can be made on both sides of this question. At the very best we would need to throw our hand up in the air and proclaim the question to be an "amoral" question. In other words, there is no clear-cut objective answer as you seem to think.

Same thing goes for the termination of unwanted pregnancy. It is really "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society" to bring unwanted children into the society?

Oh by the way, what about the question of overpopulation of the planet we live on? Many people argue that the world is already overpopulated with respect to the resources and environmental capacity that it has. Should we then outlaw procreation until we lower the population to a safer level? I'm quite sure you'll get a lot of subjective opinions on that question. Not only this but if we turn to science that answer will most likely be that, yes, we are dangerously overpopulating our planet. Then what do you do with you system of morality that supposedly based on what's "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society"?

Clearly you haven't thought this through Artie. Your suggestion to base morality on what's "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society" isn't nearly as objective or clear-cut as you seem to think.

Also what about the question of polygamy? Who can say that this is objectively wrong with respect to being "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society" Arguments to the contrary can easily be made. And then we're right back to having to argue over subjective opinions again, or tossing the question out as being an "amoral" question since it can't be objectively determined whether polygamy would be "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society" or not.

You're pointing to an subjective ideal: (i.e. what's "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society") as a possibly foundation for a system or morality. But that very idea ends up running into the same subjective opinions as any other system of morality. You would end up either having to argue over subjective opinions on various moral questions, or simply tossing them out as being amoral questions.

Here's a question for you.

Who was the Moral President based on your idea of morality above? Barrack Obama or Donald Trump?

Barrack Obama was in favor of saving our planet from human caused climate change.

Donald Trump as abandon that quest and had even lifted environmental restrictions on commerce causing local neighbors to start suffering from local pollution by companies that have abandoned previous regulations.

According to your system of morality we'd need to charge Donald Trump as being the objectively immoral president and Barrack Obama as being the objectively moral president.

Either that, or we can resort to endless subjective arguments over whether or not protecting our environment is require for your criteria of being "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society"

Science would obviously take the side of cleaning up the environment.

So do we then turn to science to be the ultimate moral authority?

If so I'm pretty sure that science will also agree that we are over-populating our planet and should do something to curb that behavior. :D

Science has answers, but many people simply don't like the answers that science has to offer.

So I think your decree that basing a system of morality on what's "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society" is not nearly as objective as you think.

It's a system where science would become the moral authority on many moral questions. And where many other questions, such as question about gay marriage, polygamy, and what do about unwanted pregnancies would end up having to be thrown out of the moral arena entirely as being amoral questions. (i.e. undecidable on any objective grounds).

So your proposal for a system of morality based on what's "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society" is nowhere near as air-tight as you seem to think.

It can also be quite dangerous. What if there is religious society living next to a non-religious society and one of those societies decides that the existence of the other society is not "beneficial for the well-being and survival of their society". Then what?

Which society's subjective views win the day?

You can also see this same problem with multiple religious societies that view each other as a threat to their religious society.

So your proposal instantly becomes quite subjective in nature.

Who decides what constitutes being "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society"?

That very notion itself can be highly subjective. Different societies are going to have different subjective ideas of what that should even mean.

So you haven't made any progress at all toward trying to invent a system of objective morality.
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Re: Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

Post #32

Post by Divine Insight »

[Replying to post 28 by Artie]

By the way Artie, have you passed your subjective idea that morality should be based on what's "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society" passed the Abrahamic theists?

Do you think they would climb onboard with your secular idea of morality?

You're basically saying to them, "Never mind what your God wants, we should base morality on what we think is best for human societies".

That's a subjective opinion right there. I'm sure they are not going to agree with you that "objective morality" should be based on a human-centric idea of what humans think is best for their societies.

They might even argue that a system of morality based on such an ideal could easily end up being a morality based on human greed. Whatever humans think is best for their soceity becomes moral.

That's not going to fly in the Abrahamic theistic communities.

Also Artie, what about the value of individuals in your proposed moral system?

What if a society sees a certain section of its population as not being "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society", would it then be morally okay for them to exterminate that part of their society that is not contributing to the well-being of the whole. After all, by your definition of morality the people who are not contributing to the well-being of the society are then immoral people by definition.

So what do we do with immoral people in your system of "objective morality"?

Surely we should kill them? After all your entire system of morality is based on what's "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society". Dragging along low-life people who refuse to contribute to society would be "immoral" by your very definition of morality.

Where is there any benefit to society in keeping elderly people alive in nursing homes that no longer contribute to society. By your definition of morality, they would necessarily be immoral people because they are no longer "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society".

I don't believe that you have given this idea much thought at all to be quite honest with you.

What should we do with criminals in your system of morality? Incarcerating them costs money and resources. Based on your definition of morality the society would be far better off just killing criminals the moment they are caught thus preventing them from becoming a burden on society. Besides, by your system of morality the criminals would clearly be immoral anyway.

Yep, I'm pretty sure you haven't thought this out very much at all.
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Re: Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

Post #33

Post by Artie »

Divine Insight wrote:Before you can lay claim to "morality" being objective in this case you would first need to construct a system of morality based on that principle.
No I don't. I'm just explaining how objective morality evolved and why so many people have brains wired for moral behavior.
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All moral people live with objective morality. In every situation they try to objectively evaluate what would be the most beneficial and/or least detrimental act to our society and the people in it and do it. You have so many questions... I suggest you simply ask yourself those questions, look at them from an objective point of view and try to do what is the objectively best course of action. Surely you are capable of using logic, reason and common sense to figure it out? Right?

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Re: Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

Post #34

Post by Artie »

Divine Insight wrote: [Replying to post 28 by Artie]

By the way Artie, have you passed your subjective idea that morality should be based on what's "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society" passed the Abrahamic theists?

Do you think they would climb onboard with your secular idea of morality?

You're basically saying to them, "Never mind what your God wants, we should base morality on what we think is best for human societies".

That's a subjective opinion right there. I'm sure they are not going to agree with you that "objective morality" should be based on a human-centric idea of what humans think is best for their societies.

They might even argue that a system of morality based on such an ideal could easily end up being a morality based on human greed. Whatever humans think is best for their soceity becomes moral.

That's not going to fly in the Abrahamic theistic communities.

Also Artie, what about the value of individuals in your proposed moral system?

What if a society sees a certain section of its population as not being "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society", would it then be morally okay for them to exterminate that part of their society that is not contributing to the well-being of the whole. After all, by your definition of morality the people who are not contributing to the well-being of the society are then immoral people by definition.

So what do we do with immoral people in your system of "objective morality"?

Surely we should kill them? After all your entire system of morality is based on what's "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society". Dragging along low-life people who refuse to contribute to society would be "immoral" by your very definition of morality.

Where is there any benefit to society in keeping elderly people alive in nursing homes that no longer contribute to society. By your definition of morality, they would necessarily be immoral people because they are no longer "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society".

I don't believe that you have given this idea much thought at all to be quite honest with you.

What should we do with criminals in your system of morality? Incarcerating them costs money and resources. Based on your definition of morality the society would be far better off just killing criminals the moment they are caught thus preventing them from becoming a burden on society. Besides, by your system of morality the criminals would clearly be immoral anyway.

Yep, I'm pretty sure you haven't thought this out very much at all.
And since you appear to have thought this out very thoroughly I just throw all your questions and statements back at you. Please answer each and every one of them using your own morals or system of morality if you have one. Because if your approach is better I would love to know what it is.

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Re: Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

Post #35

Post by Bust Nak »

Artie wrote: No I don't. I'm just explaining how objective morality evolved and why so many people have brains wired for moral behavior.
You've explained how morality evolved and why so many people have brains wired for moral behavior. The objective part is decidedly lacking.
All moral people live with objective morality. In every situation they try to objectively evaluate what would be the most beneficial and/or least detrimental act to our society and the people in it and do it.
This is still false by counter-example. I am a moral people who do not live with objective morality. In every situation I simply appeal to my own personal taste - on whether I want to do this or not.

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Re: Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

Post #36

Post by Artie »

Bust Nak wrote:
Artie wrote: No I don't. I'm just explaining how objective morality evolved and why so many people have brains wired for moral behavior.
You've explained how morality evolved and why so many people have brains wired for moral behavior. The objective part is decidedly lacking.
All moral people live with objective morality. In every situation they try to objectively evaluate what would be the most beneficial and/or least detrimental act to our society and the people in it and do it.
This is still false by counter-example. I am a moral people who do not live with objective morality. In every situation I simply appeal to my own personal taste - on whether I want to do this or not.
So if you wanted to get as many firearms as possible and wanted to just go around shooting people haphazardly it would be moral because it was in your own personal taste and you just wanted to do it? You would be a moral person?

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Re: Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

Post #37

Post by Bust Nak »

Artie wrote: So if you wanted to get as many firearms as possible and wanted to just go around shooting people haphazardly it would be moral because it was in your own personal taste and you just wanted to do it? You would be a moral person?
Of course. It's the same answer as the following scenario: If it was objectively moral to get as many firearms as possible and go around shooting people haphazardly, then it would be moral to want to do it. I would be a moral person for doing it.

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Re: Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

Post #38

Post by Artie »

Bust Nak wrote:
Artie wrote: So if you wanted to get as many firearms as possible and wanted to just go around shooting people haphazardly it would be moral because it was in your own personal taste and you just wanted to do it? You would be a moral person?
Of course. It's the same answer as the following scenario: If it was objectively moral to get as many firearms as possible and go around shooting people haphazardly, then it would be moral to want to do it. I would be a moral person for doing it.
So you have nothing stopping you from committing atrocities except your personal tastes and your wants? Do people around you know that if you suddenly should want to start shooting people you would have nothing telling you it would be wrong?

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Re: Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

Post #39

Post by Bust Nak »

Artie wrote: So you have nothing stopping you from committing atrocities except your personal tastes and your wants?
Sure, as could be expected for a moral person. If one needs some official rule to tell them not to commit atrocities, then perhaps they aren't so moral after all. Well, I suppose there is also a fear for consequence, but that's neither here or there when we are talking about morality and not legality.
Do people around you know that if you suddenly should want to start shooting people you would have nothing telling you it would be wrong?
It goes deeper than that, if my taste suddenly switch like that, I would have something telling me it would be right.

Now similar questions for you:

Do you have anything stopping you from committing atrocities except for some calculus as to what is most beneficial to society? Do people around you know that if it was more beneficial to start shooting people haphazardly then you would have nothing telling you it would be wrong?

Perhaps more importantly, does my testimony here, convince you that there is at least one moral person who does not live with objective morality?

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Re: Arguments for Non-Subjective Morality

Post #40

Post by Divine Insight »

Artie wrote: All moral people live with objective morality. In every situation they try to objectively evaluate what would be the most beneficial and/or least detrimental act to our society and the people in it and do it. You have so many questions... I suggest you simply ask yourself those questions, look at them from an objective point of view and try to do what is the objectively best course of action. Surely you are capable of using logic, reason and common sense to figure it out? Right?
I was asking you these question, that doesn't mean that I don't already have my own answers for them.

The problem is Artie is that not everyone else will agree with my subjective answers.

In fact, the case of some of these questions I already revealed what my answer would be. The answer based on your definition of morality would be that most of these questions aren't even questions of morality at all.

You say:
And since you appear to have thought this out very thoroughly I just throw all your questions and statements back at you. Please answer each and every one of them using your own morals or system of morality if you have one. Because if your approach is better I would love to know what it is.
I don't claim to have a system of morality. In fact, I hold that morality is entirely a human subjective construct. So what we individually think of as right or wrong is nothing other than our own subjective opinions.

But let's take a look at how I might answer some of my own questions if you like:

I'll go back over my previous posts and answer my own questions:

My Question:

For example is allowing gay marriage and gay family units "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society". Valid arguments can be made on both sides of this question. At the very best we would need to throw our hand up in the air and proclaim the question to be an "amoral" question. In other words, there is no clear-cut objective answer as you seem to think.
My Answer: IMHO the question of gay marriage and gay family units is neither beneficial nor detrimental to the well-being of society. Therefore this question that many people deem to be a question of morality is actually an amoral question. In other words, as far as I'm concerned it has nothing to do with right or wrong or morality.

My Question:

Same thing goes for the termination of unwanted pregnancy. It is really "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society" to bring unwanted children into the society?
My Answer: I already answered it. It's impossible to evaluate this question in terms of the moral principles you have suggested. Therefore based on your system of morality the question is amoral. There is no moral right or wrong for this question.

My own personal opinion? I think people should be allowed to decide the answer to this question for themselves. I don't feel a need to force my opinions onto them.

Would this question ever apply to me personally? No. Why not? Because I do go around getting women pregnant with children that I want no parts of. If you think I have high moral standards for this choice so be it. For me it has nothing to do with morality. I simply have no desire to part of causing unwanted pregnancies.
My Question:

Oh by the way, what about the question of overpopulation of the planet we live on?
My Answer: Yes, I agree with science that our planet is overpopulated beyond its ability to provide resources and clean environment on a continual basis.

So I'm all for reducing the human population on planet earth. Exactly how that should be accomplished is a separate question. But if we go by your definition of morality then those who continue to procreate on a planet that is already over populated are immoral people.

Are you prepared to stand by the necessary objective result of your proposed objective moral system? :-K
My Question:

Also what about the question of polygamy?
My Answer: I believe I have already answered this. IMHO it's an amoral question. The question has nothing to do with a concept of right or wrong.

Based on your proposed objective morality this question would also need to be seen as being an amoral question. Polygamy then is not a moral issue at all.

If you want to argue that it should be, then all that would amount to are your own person subjective argument concerning what you personally think should be considered beneficial or detrimental to society.

So your system of objective morality instantly falls and becomes a system of subjective opinions once again.
My Question:

Who was the Moral President based on your idea of morality above? Barrack Obama or Donald Trump?
My Answer: IMHO Barrack Obama stood on far higher moral ground and principles than Donald Trump.

Based on your so-called objective system of morality Barrack Obama also necessarily wins in this category.
My Question:

Also Artie, what about the value of individuals in your proposed moral system?
My Answer: I personally place the welfare of individuals on very high priority. But I confess that this is just my personal subjective opinion.

You're demand for an objective morality based on the state instead of on the individuals could bring about extreme duress for many individuals.

So I wouldn't vote to support your subjective opinion to define an objective morality based on what's best for the state.
My Question:

What if a society sees a certain section of its population as not being "beneficial for the well-being and survival of a society", would it then be morally okay for them to exterminate that part of their society that is not contributing to the well-being of the whole?
My Answer: I personally favor helping the less fortunate people to get on their own feet if possible, and even showing empathy to those who are perhaps too mentally or physically incapable of contributing to society. I'm all for public welfare and assistance to those in need.

However, based to your proposed objective definition of morality I can't see any reason why these people shouldn't simply be exterminated. That could only benefit the society as a whole and why should the society as a whole give a hoot about supporting freeloaders?

My objections would be seen as nothing more than human subjective opinions apparently based on silly emotional things like empathy for others. That wouldn't even qualify as a reason worthy of consideration in your objective moral system.
My Question:

I don't believe that you have given this idea much thought at all to be quite honest with you.
My Answer: Clearly you haven't. And obviously I have.

I've answered all the question I've put to you. Now it's your turn to tell us how your objective system of morality would answer them in no uncertain terms.

Keep in mind also, that you can't be changing your mind later. If you do that, then you will have just exposed extreme flaws in your proposed objective moral system. Even if those flaws amount to nothing more than having made subjective mistakes in how you might have subjectively evaluated that issues you deem to be objective.

By the way, if you can't tell us the precise and definite answers that your proposed moral system would give to these questions, then you have no system to even speak of. All you have is an idea that you haven't even tried to think through or evaluate in any comprehensive way.

If you're going to propose an objective system of morality, then you had better be prepared to answer every moral question thrown at you in a very precise and unambiguous way that no one can even argue with.

If we can argue with your moral conclusions then this brings into question the validity of your claim that it's based on anything objective.

So take a stab at answering these question if you think your proposed objective system of morality is up to it.
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