Eloi wrote: ↑Tue May 31, 2022 1:11 pm
I'm going to repeat the question I asked elsewhere, although I'm going to relate it to the issue here: what criteria do taxonomists use to classify a bone as normal ape, ape-man, or human?
There are no such classifictions as "normal ape" or "ape-man." However, sometimes we can use the DNA of the particular bone to know what it is. Anatomically modern humans, Denesovans, and Neanderthals, for example. Other times, we can use the structure of the bone to know. The "simian shelf", for example, is found in apes, some hominids, and even Neandertals. Anatomically modern humans don't have it, and instead reinforce the jaw with a chin.
Humans and later Australopithecines have insertions for the abductor pollicis longis and flexor pollicis longus muscles that allow precise use of the thumb for gripping. Other apes do not.
The femur in Australopithecines and humans is angled inward, giving us a sort of knock-kneed appearance. This allows efficient bipedal movement. Other apes can walk on two legs, but do so with an inefficient, rocking motion.
The angle does vary with the species of human or other hominid.
Obviously, if they classify the bones arbitrarily, they will give rise to any false conclusion or even a new hoax. Can any of you reply in a few simple words, without sending the forumers to read other web-pages?
There's a lot more of this. Would you like to learn about more examples?
PS: You always have the option to make summaries of your favorite web pages... Surely there are thousands of web pages for all tastes.
This is off the top of my head, and I'm not an expert on hominid skeletons, but I have some other examples in mind. The skull is kind of interesting, because it illustrates the process of paedomorphosis. Would you like to learn about that?