Godel's Ontological Theorem.

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LiamOS
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Godel's Ontological Theorem.

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Post by LiamOS »

This thread is both for discussion of Godel's Ontological Theorem and a continuation of a debate which was in another thread.

Godel's Ontological Argument is expressed symbolically as:
Image
For those unfamiliar with modal-logic, there is an article on the general Ontological Argument here.


With respect to the theorem's axioms, WikiPedia tells us the following:
WikiPedia wrote:We first assume the following axiom:

Axiom 1: It is possible to single out positive properties from among all properties. Gdel defines a positive property rather vaguely: "Positive means positive in the moral aesthetic sense (independently of the accidental structure of the world)... It may also mean pure attribution as opposed to privation (or containing privation)." (Gdel 1995)

We then assume that the following three conditions hold for all positive properties (which can be summarized by saying "the positive properties form a principal ultrafilter"):

Axiom 2: If P is positive and P entails Q, then Q is positive.
Axiom 3: If P1, P2, P3, ..., Pn are positive properties, then the property (P1 AND P2 AND P3 ... AND Pn) is positive as well.
Axiom 4: If P is a property, then either P or its negation is positive, but not both.

Finally, we assume:

Axiom 5: Necessary existence is a positive property (Pos(NE)). This mirrors the key assumption in Anselm's argument.

Now we define a new property G: if x is an object in some possible world, then G(x) is true if and only if P(x) is true in that same world for all positive properties P. G is called the "God-like" property. An object x that has the God-like property is called God.
For debate:
-Is the Ontological Theorem logically valid?
-Are all the axioms of the theorem valid?
-Can the argument hold without the axioms being valid, if they are not necessarily so?

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Post #111

Post by JoeyKnothead »

Cathar1950 wrote:
Zzyzx wrote:.
EduChris wrote:In the meanwhile, perhaps you could discuss the matter with ZZyzx and Cathar--maybe they have some ideas on how the level of discourse here might be raised--which, after all, is our shared common goal.
The level of discourse would be raised considerably if people would DEBATE rather than making excuses, and respond openly and honestly -- without preaching, pontificating, obfuscating or resorting to sophism and solipsism, AND without delusion of superiority for themselves or their beliefs.
As long as he is recommending us I might as well add my thoughts as he has manage to mention me in this thread twice before I had even posted.
It makes me wonder what ignore really means as it seems if you are being ignored it is only fair they don't talk about you.
I suggest censure until he resigns and formally apologies for being a parody of being uncivilized and using his prideful user-group as a bludgeon, a rather flaccid one I might add, and as a weak threat as well as a way of making uncivil accusations about other posters.
He has used his user group as a bludgeon in the most uncivil manor to slander while displaying the same behavior he wrongly accuses others of doing.
There is an uncivil pattern of behavior that has spread over at least 3 threads and has been used against other posters; Zzyzx, Goat and I are on the short list.
My first encounter around the first of October with "his" user-group was after he posted a number of rather uncivilized projections of motives upon the author of a book debate.

I thought he was being rather uncharitable as well as off topic:

EduChris writes about Ehrman:
The reason why Ehrman's claims struck me
is that despite what he is trying to communicate
I see Ehrman as someone who is desperately trying to win affirmation from others.
At first he sought affirmation from the fundamentalist group he initially joined. He wanted to prove his mettle to them
Then later, when exposed to the liberal or secular viewpoint, he again wanted to prove his mettle with them
And then now, in the populist tone of his writing,
he again seeks to "prove" or "demonstrate" his mettle to his readers
It wasn't until I read the whole Bible for myself that I decided it was better and more true than anything else I had ever read.
So it seems to me that Ehrman is the type who wants affirmation;
that is why he bounced around from one view to another
I am not very much impressed by Ehrman's initial posturing
Since he attempts to engage in the pro hominem fallacy on his own behalf, I do not consider myself as engaging in any ad hominem fallacy simply because I present reasons why I am not impressed with his pro hominem fallacy

Then he goes on about himself:

I see him in a completely different light because of my own life situation
My own experience is completely different
I rejected Christianity even at great personal cost to myself.
Then I went to college and took the obligatory two courses in religion, where I was exposed to the liberal-secular point of view
.. Again I rebelled, again I refused to accept their conclusions, and again
I was somewhat stigmatized for my failure to adopt my professors' point of view
EduChris wrote: Doesn't he seem to present his personal story as somehow establishing his own special credibility as an objective seeker of truth? And if this is the case, isn't this merely an inverse of the ad hominem fallacy? !
And then when talking about himself
I was more concerned about what was true than I was about what would get me affirmed by my peers or my professors.



Now I ask you, who is committing the " pro hominem fallacy" and "ad hominem fallacy"?

Here is another " pro hominem fallacy" of his:
My arguments depend of the basic and uncontroversial results of the past 80 years of philosophical inquiry. This is not rocket science, nor is it hidden or esoteric knowledge. You needn't accept or avail yourself of present-day theory, but if that is the case there will be very little for us to discuss with any mutual profit.
Uncontroversial results, who is he trying to kid?

Then I complained about his characterization of Ehrman and giving or projecting uncharitable attributes, desires and motives.

http://debatingchristianity.com/forum/v ... ore#329783
EduChris wrote:
Cathar1950 wrote:...I am reminded of toothless wolves(apologist) in sheep clothing (pseudo-intellectual)where unable to take a bite have only managed slobber all over the meal and make it rather unappetizing. I will get into this further in the other thread where your anti-Bart purposes are more clear.
Just a reminder that I am the founding member of the "Ignores the Uncivil" group, and I intend to do just that. If you want to have a discussion, fine and good, but if you are going to continue this sort of stuff I will put you on my ignore list.

But then he brings it here as well as other threads along with related insults further calling for his resignation from a redundant user-group as we should all try to be civil. He has not only called us uncivil but seems to label us with what ever other uncivil remarks and accusations he likes. I assume he must mean those on his list are the ones committing the other acts of dishonesty and bad faith

In my opinion, there are plenty of folks on this forum who qualify as dishonest and disreputable--the sort of folks for whom the "don't throw your pearls to the swine" aphorism applies.
Bad faith is demonstrated when one party picks words out of context, places unwarranted negative spin on those words; and then, when attempts are made to clarify, those clarification attempts are subjected to the same methods. At some point, after repeated cycles of this behavior, it becomes clear that the challenger is not making any good faith attempt to understand the other, but rather seeks only to portray the other position in a misleading and distorted manner.
It is simply absurd and uncivil for nontheists to demand "proof" of God's existence when the topic of the thread is something else entirely.
EduChris wrote:
AkiThePirate wrote:...I also must ask whether or not you feel that I am being uncivil...
You are usually one of the better nontheists. Goat is almost entirely uncivil, and he would be on my "Ignores the Uncivil" list except for the redeeming fact that once in awhile he actually contributes to a discussion. .
EduChris wrote: McCulloch is capable at times of making interesting points and being civil. A few other nontheists here can also make good points, and understand logical arguments. Probably about 2% of nontheists here can be quite interesting, but obviously (as on any public Internet forum) there's a lot of chaff with the wheat. If there were more wheat, then the chaff would not be so easily tolerated.
Cnorman's dichotomy is false and self-serving; both Judaism and Christianity believe that God is ultimately the reason why we should do good rather than evil. And both Judaism and Christianity teach that there is an afterlife, though of course Christians have greater insight into this afterlife.
Don't you remember anything at all from your seminary days?

Again you demonstrate no knowledge of contemporary Christian doctrine--certainly not at anything even approaching the level that is taught in Christian seminaries.
Just to be clear, as the founding member of the "Ignores the Uncivil" user group, the whole point is to limit the unfettered profusion of incivility that flows from certain members here. Any attempt to count the "ignoring of the uncivil" as "evidence" of inability to defend one's position rationally, well, that sort of claim is simply another example of the incivility and illogic that caused the perpetrator to be placed on the Ignore List in the first place. .

Here was a rather comical if not paranoid session where says we must decide in the absence of truth which avenues, which logical pathways, will be most fruitful where AkiThePirate responds with:
.Appeal to consequences?
EduChris wrote: No, absolutely not, as I have stated over and over again in response to numerous uncivil and unfounded accusations. I am using the Hypothetico-deductive method, which according to The Philosopher's Toolkit "is very widely applicable" (p. 41).

This incessant barrage of unfounded and uncivil accusations from you and others is beyond tiresome. Please cease the incivility.
Tell me was that really called for?
I tend to think appeal to consequences is a pretty good start in the face of doubts about the ultimate as well as just the little things.

In the Questions for Christians thread:

If you stick around long enough, you'll figure out who should be on your ignore list.
http://debatingchristianity.com/forum/v ... yzx#333657


In the Challenging: How fair is it? Thread we have Educhris:

EduChris wrote: God can't be examined or tested as a "thing" or an "object." That doesn't mean we can't evaluate particular claims for coherence, on the basis of certain presuppositions. For example, if one presupposes that there is a Ground of All Being who cares about us, certain things become possible or even likely--and conversely, if one presupposes that there is no Ground of All Being who cares about us, then other things become possible or even likely.
EduChris wrote: I'll up the ante here and say that if Zzyzx can present to you a valid argument against a Ground of All Being who cares about us--a valid argument that does not rest on unfounded/unproven presuppositions--then I'll take him off my Ignore List.
Just to be clear, as the founding member of the "Ignores the Uncivil" user group, the whole point is to limit the unfettered profusion of incivility that flows from certain members here. Any attempt to count the "ignoring of the uncivil" as "evidence" of inability to defend one's position rationally, well, that sort of claim is simply another example of the incivility and illogic that caused the perpetrator to be placed on the Ignore List in the first place.
I have tried not to name names here, but in order to avoid misunderstanding I should clarify that AkiThePirate and Joey are not ones whom I have observed exhibiting unremitting and egregious examples of bad faith. Zzyzx and Cathar provide the best examples of bad faith, incivility, and illogic, and they are now on my Ignore List, per the terms of my "Ignores the Uncivil" user group. There are a few others who could be placed on the list due to their incivility, but which have not yet been there placed because in at least some instances those individuals make interesting points in some of their posts.

He tried not to name names and then manes us.

EduChris wrote: Beg to differ. Zzyzx is a master of two things: 1) wrenching statements out of context, and 2) lurching from one absurd extreme to another (the fallacy of the excluded middle). I've never seen him do anything other than this, but if anyone can provide a link to anything civil and interesting that he has ever posted, then I'll remove him from my list
EduChris wrote: Okay, if you can provide a link to any good point that Zzyzx has ever made, then I will remove him from my Ignore List and follow your suggestion about responding only to the rare "supported arguments" that he presents (rather than to his more typical incivil and unsupported rants).

Given the above How should we answer His question below and do you think he should resign from the user-group and maybe a month of censorship?

EduChris wrote: Does incivility include the following:

1) continously repeated "loose canon" accusations of "logical fallacies" where the accuser gives no evidence of having even tried to understand the accused person's argument?

2) continual application of double standards, wherein one party is constantly demanded to "prove" every single assumption, even though there is no "proof" to be had either for the assumption in question OR for any of the competing/alternate assumptions?

3) stalking behavior, wherein one party makes a general nuissance of himself by cluttering up every post in every thread with cut-and-paste demands for "proof," while at the same time insisting that such "proof" must conform to the accuser's own self-serving definition?

4) flame-baiting?

Depending on how you answer these questions, I may be willing to honor Abraxas' request that I remove the individuals from my Ignore List and give the moderators a chance to deal with the individuals directly. Obviously I can always put the individuals back on the Ignore List if the resulting moderating task becomes too burdensome.
Now that I have that behind me maybe we can move on to what is wrong with EduChris, or should I say his claims, and why his presentation of Gdels failed and rejected ontological argument is not showing us that God exists, Trinity or other, and that it is merely a claim where even valid or sound arguments dont make for truth.
Then maybe he can go back to the three threads where he claims to have showed us as he slips Ground of All Being who cares about us, and the Trinity as somehow part of the argument trying to take us into some misdirection for whatever purposes he might aspire to. I also think that the laws of conservation can show us of an example of how the universe itself can be seen as non-contingent as matter and energy are not destroyed but are transformed meeting one definition of non-contingent.
I would also argue as have others that God would have a contingent nature as unless God is outside of time and space, a rather meaningless and non-relative position, God would be related and as a Ground of all being could not be separated from the Universe.
If God were separate from the Universe then we can conceive of God and the Universe which is a greater conception of Just God.



Here are his claims in other thread regarding this thread and the claims he makes.

http://debatingchristianity.com/forum/ ... 612#335612
Post 255: Thu Oct 28, 2010 3:03 pm Post subject: Re: Trinity
EduChris wrote:
From there, I believe I have shown on this thread that the necessary conditions of: 1) existence, 2) differentiation, and 3) relationality must apply for all conceivable universes.

Non-contingent Existence, non-contingent Differentiation, and non-contingent Relationality. Sounds very much like the Christian concept of "Trinity."
http://debatingchristianity.com/forum/v ... 614#335614
Post 169: Thu Oct 28, 2010 3:08 pm Post subject: Re: Can Anselm be proven wrong?
EduChris wrote: Godel cleaned up the argument and formulated it in mathematical terms. I believe I have successfully defended Godel's Ontological Proof on this thread.
http://debatingchristianity.com/forum/ ... 617#335617
Post 30: Thu Oct 28, 2010 3:14 pm Post subject: Re: Trinitarianism
EduChris wrote:
From there, I believe I have shown on this thread that the necessary conditions of: 1) existence, 2) differentiation, and 3) relationality must apply for all conceivable universes.

Non-contingent Existence, non-contingent Differentiation, and non-contingent Relationality. Sounds very much like the Christian concept of "Trinity."

This is a good reason to not let claims go unchallenged.

[/i][/quote]
Other folks are just as apt to notice what's going on as well.

I must admit to my own fears debating the likes of Zzyzx and Cathar1950 - two folks who are at the apex of skill and knowledge.

I s'pose when one has no answer to legitimate points presented by opponents or challengers or such, silence just may be preferred.

I present my points here so the observer might gain better understanding of the integrity of the arguments of those involved.

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Post #112

Post by Zeeby »

EduChris wrote:
Zeeby wrote:...From the quote in the article "Axiom 4: If P is a property, then either P or its negation is positive, but not both.", I interpret that Axiom 2 is valid for substitution of any property, but that does not appear to be what you interpret.
If you look at the sentence that immediately precedes Axioms 2 through 4, you will see that "the following three conditions hold for all positive properties." It is not claimed that the three conditions (Axiom 2, Axiom 3, and Axiom 4) hold for any property; rather, the axioms serve to filter out accidental or arbitrary properties.
That "the following three conditions hold for all positive properties" refers to the fact that the properties define useful features of positive properties (for instance, you will observe that Axioms 2 and 3 begin with "if P is a positive property" whilst Axiom 4 does not). If you are suggesting that Axiom 4 is only valid when P is a positive property, then that does not suggest an explanation of "either P or its negation is positive".

I'm not sure what you are referring to by 'filter out' - the axioms define facts about positive properties, not what a positive property is.

(these Axioms refer to the presentation in the article section 'Axioms' rather than the symbolic proof)

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Post #113

Post by micatala »

Moderator Warning

I would admonish both Cathar and EduChris to stop commenting about the behavior of others. Comments like those below are not appropriate.

Cathar1950 wrote:
It makes me wonder what ignore really means as it seems if you are being ignored it is only fair they don't talk about you.
I suggest censure until he resigns and formally apologies for being a parody of being uncivilized and using his prideful user-group as a bludgeon, a rather flaccid one I might add, and as a weak threat as well as a way of making uncivil accusations about other posters.
He has used his user group as a bludgeon in the most uncivil manor to slander while displaying the same behavior he wrongly accuses others of doing.
There is an uncivil pattern of behavior that has spread over at least 3 threads and has been used against other posters; . . . .


EduChris wrote:
Just a reminder that I am the founding member of the "Ignores the Uncivil" group, and I intend to do just that. If you want to have a discussion, fine and good, but if you are going to continue this sort of stuff I will put you on my ignore list.
There is no reason to comment on who you are ignoring, or to present any user groups you are a member of or have created as a way to make personal comments or accusations against others.


If anyone feels someone is breaking the rules against civility or anything else, use the report feature.

However, the moderators not responding as quickly as you would like, or in the way you would like, is not license for you to take matters into your own hands.


Cathar wrote:
But then he brings it here as well as other threads along with related insults further calling for his resignation from a redundant user-group as we should all try to be civil. He has not only called us uncivil but seems to label us with what ever other uncivil remarks and accusations he likes. I assume he must mean those on his list are the ones committing the other acts of dishonesty and bad faith

Educhris wrote:In my opinion, there are plenty of folks on this forum who qualify as dishonest and disreputable--the sort of folks for whom the "don't throw your pearls to the swine" aphorism applies.

EduChris wrote: You are usually one of the better nontheists. Goat is almost entirely uncivil, and he would be on my "Ignores the Uncivil" list except for the redeeming fact that once in awhile he actually contributes to a discussion. .

EduChris wrote: McCulloch is capable at times of making interesting points and being civil. A few other nontheists here can also make good points, and understand logical arguments. Probably about 2% of nontheists here can be quite interesting, but obviously (as on any public Internet forum) there's a lot of chaff with the wheat. If there were more wheat, then the chaff would not be so easily tolerated.

EduChris wrote: I have tried not to name names here, but in order to avoid misunderstanding I should clarify that AkiThePirate and Joey are not ones whom I have observed exhibiting unremitting and egregious examples of bad faith. Zzyzx and Cathar provide the best examples of bad faith, incivility, and illogic, and they are now on my Ignore List, per the terms of my "Ignores the Uncivil" user group. There are a few others who could be placed on the list due to their incivility, but which have not yet been there placed because in at least some instances those individuals make interesting points in some of their posts.
EduChris wrote: Beg to differ. Zzyzx is a master of two things: 1) wrenching statements out of context, and 2) lurching from one absurd extreme to another (the fallacy of the excluded middle). I've never seen him do anything other than this, but if anyone can provide a link to anything civil and interesting that he has ever posted, then I'll remove him from my list
" . . . the line separating good and evil passes, not through states, nor between classes, nor between political parties either, but right through every human heart . . . ." Alexander Solzhenitsyn

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Post #114

Post by Abraxas »

EduChris wrote:
Abraxas wrote:...The point of my hypothetical was that is fact now is not necessarily fact nor is there any guarantee it will be in the future (or past!)...
Pretty much anything is "possible" if we allow contrary-to-fact hypotheses. A contrary-to-fact hypothesis is by definition weaker than a conforming-to-fact hypothesis.
Normally, yes. However, when dealing with whether something is necessary or contingent, they are not. If a possible contrary-to-fact hypothetical is presented that opposes a proposed necessary, the hypothetical wins out due to the high standards required to prove something is necessary rather than contingent. Necessary must be able to overcome any conceivable circumstance, including time travel. Otherwise you are just left with a strong contingent.
Abraxas wrote:...Assuming there is a distinction to be made between the superstructure and the empty universe...
Any universe, no matter how "empty," must at least entail the property of existence. If there is only the property of existence--but no instantiation of that property, no "thing" that exists--then nothing truly exists. This is precisely why we have the single assumption that "something exists."
Is a space for things to exist in a thing? Besides, I've already granted existence.
Abraxas wrote:...I'm hard pressed to think of any philosophy or thought process that does not hold something exists and is related and distinct from other things at least contingently. Even the most die hard Cartesian's don't go that far...
That being the case, we are on solid ground when we say that Existence, Differentiation, and Relationality are Godelian positive properties.
Not really, I said they exist contingently. You are using properties in a sense that only applies to necessary ones. If all that exists, per my time travel example, is a superstructure which either can or cannot contain universes, I maintain relationality and differentiation do not exist, not that I am sure they constitute properties anyway (seems like relationality and differentiation are more properly a property (traditional sense, not Godelian) of categorical thinking than anything intrinsic to an object. It feels wrong to me to say "it is a property of X that it is like/not Y". If anything is truly a property it should be intrinsic to the object itself, not a function of other objects.
Abraxas wrote:...what is being necessarily related or differentiated in the Triune?...
There are three non-contingently existing, non-contingently differentiated, non-contingently related "persons" comprising the one Triune God.
Abraxas wrote:...Unless I am very much mistaken, the Christian condition holds that two of the three parts of the Triune were contingent, the Son and the Spirit existing because man exist in, and does so in a "fallen" state...
You are indeed mistaken here. No person of the Trinity was/is ever considered "contingent." In traditional, orthodox Christian theology, the three persons have been always and eternally distinct and always and eternally related in mutuality and love.
Yeah, I read it, still not getting the non-contingency of Jesus and the Holy Spirit in Christian mythology. Should seem if man had not made the choice to eat from the tree of knowledge both would be entirely irrelevant. What would their function be, or for that matter, what were the function of son and spirit during the days of Eden and why do they seem conspicuously absent until about 2000 years ago?
You are mistunderstanding Godel, and I believe Abraxas will back me up on this claim. In Godelian terms, as he uses his axioms to "filter out" accidental and arbitrary properties, a "positive property" is a simply property that is entailed by all conceivable universes.
Truthfully, I think Godel was using a weaker version of property than you are. I think he believed all things that make up an object were properties and their positiveness or negativeness was determined by whether those characteristics were defined as a presence or an absence, this being why he appealed to an objective moral aesthetic in axiom 1. Axioms 2 through 4 were, as you said, a filter system to try to reinforce axiom 1, to sort out which characteristics were positive and which were negative. For example, I don't think he would have denied, say, luminosity is not a property, he would have said it is a positive property created through presence of energy, darkness a negative property as it is characterized by absence.

The trap I think he fell into, one you should recognize, was modernity. I think his argument failed to take into account the power of language and human thought and culture in the way we think about structure and objects and the underlying reality of the universe. His argument makes a lot more sense if you accept the built in cultural assumptions that power is good and inherently its own characteristic, a lack of power is bad, knowledge is good, a lack of knowledge is bad, and so on. This is why he appealed to an objective moral aesthetic and this is why I think his argument doesn't work. Without demonstrating the moral aesthetic first, the judgments become arbitrary.


However, I also think the step you took was necessary to avoid the first series of objections, which, at the base, was said arbitrariness. By moving to necessary properties, you do create a solid, unambiguous basis by which we can say whether a characteristic is positive or not in reference to reality. While I don't think Godel had made that move, I think it was a move he had to make if he were interested in proving the soundness of his argument, which he may not have been, assuming most people will simply accept there is an aesthetic good, which, largely, we have in a cultural sense. That leaves us where we are now. You made the move that had to be made, and now we are left with trying to extrapolate from at least one thing existing to other characteristics about that thing,
Perhaps we need to change our initial assumption from "something exists" into the following: "it is conceivable that something like our universe exists." That is to say, in all of our "possible worlds" scenarios, we cannot negate at least the conceptual possibility for a world such as ours. After all, we are really only concerned with realities that affect us in some conceivable fashion.
And I grant that to a degree, my contrary points were focused along the lines of questioning whether something could happen to make that no longer the case (hence time travel as we both already know it is the case and history would have to be undone to change it).

Look, if I haven't convinced you by now why relationality and differentiation are not necessary, (per empty universes and whether the capacity to be compared inherent to the object or inherent to the capacity of people to think categorically) I don't think I'm going to, nor at this point do I think there is much chance of you changing my stance either. So, to move the argument forward, I will grant your three positive properties. I want to see what the move from something necessarily existing that can be differentiated and related is to godlikeness.

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Post #115

Post by EduChris »

Zeeby wrote:...observe that Axioms 2 and 3 begin with "if P is a positive property" whilst Axiom 4 does not...If you are suggesting that Axiom 4 is only valid when P is a positive property, then that does not suggest an explanation of "either P or its negation is positive"...
I believe Axiom 4 can be restated as follows: "If P is a positive property, then its negation cannot be positive."

Zeeby wrote:...I'm not sure what you are referring to by 'filter out' - the axioms define facts about positive properties, not what a positive property is...
You are correct in saying that "the axioms define facts about positive properties." In other words, if you propose some "property" for which the axioms do not hold, then that proposed "property" is not a "positive property" within the context of Godel's proof.

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Post #116

Post by EduChris »

Abraxas wrote:...Necessary must be able to overcome any conceivable circumstance, including time travel. Otherwise you are just left with a strong contingent...
I get what you're saying. Certainly we can conceive that our universe didn't need to exist at all; and even more, it is conceivable that no universe similar to ours needed to actually exist. I am happy enough to argue from the "strong contingent" that "a universe such as ours is conceivable." In some ways this is stronger than my initial assumption that "something exists," since that "something" has been replaced by a universe filled with "things." But in other respects it is a slightly weaker assumption: we are no longer saying that something does actually exist, but rather only that a universe such as ours is conceivable (whether or not it actually exists).

Abraxas wrote:...I've already granted existence...
Noted.

Abraxas wrote:...It feels wrong to me to say "it is a property of X that it is like/not Y". If anything is truly a property it should be intrinsic to the object itself, not a function of other objects...
Given the strong contingent that a universe such as ours is conceivable, it seems that we need to recognize (and give a label to) the very fact that differentiation is possible--i.e., that there may be some X that is not the same as some Y. Furthermore, it seems that no "thing" can exist independently, apart from a larger context of "things." I simply cannot conceive of a universe consisting entirely of the number 2. The number 2, apart from its context within the set of integers, seems entirely meaningless to me.

Abraxas wrote:...still not getting the non-contingency of Jesus and the Holy Spirit...What would their function be...
Whether or not one finds the Christian doctrine of the Trinity coherent, it is still a fact that the three "persons" have traditionally been claimed to be eternally co-existing, co-distinct, and mutually related in their Divinity.

Abraxas wrote:...Truthfully, I think Godel was using a weaker version of property than you are...Axioms 2 through 4 were, as you said, a filter system to try to reinforce axiom 1...the step you took was necessary to avoid the first series of objections, which, at the base, was said arbitrariness. By moving to necessary properties, you do create a solid, unambiguous basis by which we can say whether a characteristic is positive or not in reference to reality. While I don't think Godel had made that move, I think it was a move he had to make...You made the move that had to be made, and now we are left with trying to extrapolate from at least one thing existing to other characteristics about that thing...
Agreed. I guess you could say that my first attempt at understanding "positive properties" resulted in a list of "super-positives."

Abraxas wrote:...I don't think he would have denied, say, luminosity is not a property, he would have said it is a positive property created through presence of energy, darkness a negative property as it is characterized by absence...
As you pointed out earlier, the intensity of luminosity (within the context of a given spectrum); the temporal duration of that luminosity; and the initial available resources (e.g., hydrogen) for that luminosity all constitute elastic, arbitrary properties. Sort of like a rectangle: given a certain area size, you can increase its "length" (one "property" in the ordinary sense) only by decreasing its "width." I don't think Godel would have argued that length or width constituted a "positive" property within his argument. Perhaps he would have used "rectangularity" (e.g., four straight lines connected at right-angles) as a positive property, but even there I think he would more likely have argued that "rectangularity," "triangularity," "circularity," etc., are all "accidental" properties. A "positive" property for him would have been "regularity" or "identifiability" of shapes, as opposed to the negation of "haphazardness" or "randomness" or "indistinctness."

Abraxas wrote:...His argument makes a lot more sense if you accept the built in cultural assumptions that power is good and inherently its own characteristic, a lack of power is bad, knowledge is good, a lack of knowledge is bad, and so on. This is why he appealed to an objective moral aesthetic and this is why I think his argument doesn't work. Without demonstrating the moral aesthetic first, the judgments become arbitrary...
Whatever may or may not have been going through his conscious mind, I suspect he had a correct intuition, and I hope hope to flesh out that intuition in terms more congenial to our post-modern mindset.

Abraxas wrote:...to move the argument forward, I will grant your three positive properties. I want to see what the move from something necessarily existing that can be differentiated and related is to godlikeness.
Okay, so we begin with the assumption that "a universe such as ours is conceivable." There may be other conceivable universes as well, but none of these other "conceivable universes" is permitted to vacate the assumption that "a universe such as ours is conceivable." From there, for the sake of argument, we are agreed that Existence, Differentiation, and Relationality are three (super)positive Godelian properties ("super-positive" properties in the sense that these particular three are properties of all conceivable universes).

The next step is to see what other properties can be considered "positive" in the Godelian sense. I'm going to think about this and respond later...

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EduChris
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Abraxas wrote:...now we are left with trying to extrapolate from [the conceivability of a universe such as our own] to other characteristics about that...
I'm going to claim that "consciousness" and "rationality" are two positive Godelian properties. Their negations are nonconsciousness and irrationality. It seems to me that Axioms 2 through 4 hold for the proposed properties of "consciousness" and "rationality." Can we agree on these as two additional Godelian positive properties, or are there any objections?

(It may be possible to argue that Rationality is simply an extrapolation from the properties of differentiation and relationality among existing "things," whether concrete or abstract. If so, then Rationality would not be a separate "property" in itself, but instead simply an amalgamation of our trinity of super-positives.)

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By what means are those properties determined to be positive 'in a moral aesthetic sense'?

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AkiThePirate wrote:By what means are those properties determined to be positive 'in a moral aesthetic sense'?
I'm using the alternate definition of "pure attribution as opposed to privation." I haven't yet proposed any positive properties in the "moral or aesthetic" sense, although it may turn out that those kinds of positive properties may entail (or be entailed by) the properties of "consciousness" and/or "rationality."

For now I am simply trying to propose properties that I believe may be Godelian "positive properties," and my working criteria are:

1) Compatible with our trinity of Godelian super-positives (Existence, Differentiation, and Relationality)

2) Conforming with Godel's Axioms 2 through 4

3) Positive in the sense of pure attribution as opposed to privation (from Axiom 1)

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Well, then by what means are they determined to be positive within the criteria you have chose?
Also, have you checked that redefining it still maintains validity in the argument?

I'm having trouble following exactly what's going on which means either nothing logically follows or that I'm perhaps more suited to the Science & Religion forum.
I'm inclined towards the second explanation, though.

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