Historical Evidence for Jesus: Having it Both Ways

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Historical Evidence for Jesus: Having it Both Ways

Post #1

Post by Jagella »

Many Christian apologists, when defending the historicity of Christ, gleefully cite the following passage from the works of Tacitus, Annals 15.44:
Christus, the founder of the name, was Put to death by Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea in the reign Of Tiberius: but the pernicious superstition, repressed for a time Broke out again, not only through Judea, where the mischief Originated, but through the city of Rome also, where all things Hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their Center and become popular.
Obviously, if we accept this passage as legitimate information about Christianity, then we have here unbiased corroboration for the life of a historical Jesus.

But it doesn't stop there. We also have historical evidence for Jesus in the Talmud. It states:
And it is tradition: On the eve of the Passover Yeshu the Nazarene was hung. But the herald went forth before him for the space of forty days, while he cried, "Yeshu the Nazarene goes forth to be stoned, because he has practiced sorcery and seduced Israel and led them astray. Let anyone who knows anything in his favor come forward and give information concerning it.
But wait...

Question for Debate: If Tacitus and the Talmud are evidence for a historical Jesus, then aren't these passages also evidence that Christianity was a pernicious superstition and that Jesus was a sorcerer who led Israel astray?

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Post #21

Post by tam »

Peace to you!

And 1213 pretty much sums it all up in one sentence:
But nice thing is, if they are speaking of the same person, then there are three sources for that Jesus existed, only problem is, who is right about what kind of person Jesus was.

1213 is including the NT as the first source (though that is actually multiple sources), and the two sources that Jagella sets forth in the OP.


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Re: Historical Evidence for Jesus: Having it Both Ways

Post #22

Post by Tcg »

1213 wrote:
Jagella wrote: ...
Question for Debate: If Tacitus and the Talmud are evidence for a historical Jesus, then aren't these passages also evidence that Christianity was a pernicious superstition and that Jesus was a sorcerer who led Israel astray?
The descriptions are different than what the Bible has. So, there are 3 options:
a) They are speaking of different person
b) Bible is wrong
c) the contradictory sources are wrong
There is at least one other option:

d) Both the Bible and the contradictory sources are wrong.
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Re: Historical Evidence for Jesus: Having it Both Ways

Post #23

Post by Jagella »

1213 wrote:By what the Bible tells, Jesus was not sorcerer and Christians were not superstitious and I really don’t have any reason to believe otherwise, the other sources don’t seem to tell what Jesus told, why they thought that Jesus was sorcerer. I can’t judge anyone without good reasons.
In that case the Talmud is not a source for the historical Jesus, and apologists are wrong for citing it as a source.

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Re: Historical Evidence for Jesus: Having it Both Ways

Post #24

Post by 1213 »

Jagella wrote:
1213 wrote:By what the Bible tells, Jesus was not sorcerer and Christians were not superstitious and I really don’t have any reason to believe otherwise, the other sources don’t seem to tell what Jesus told, why they thought that Jesus was sorcerer. I can’t judge anyone without good reasons.
In that case the Talmud is not a source for the historical Jesus, and apologists are wrong for citing it as a source.
Not necessary, it could just be slander for person that they hated, but who really existed. But the truth is, in any way, the existence of Jesus is a matter of belief. And I don’t think there will ever be situation when one could not deny Jesus, even if Jesus is the truth and real. I think more important question is, are the teachings of Jesus good, does one want to follow them. If person doesn’t want to love as Jesus taught, knowing he is real is not very useful.
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Re: Historical Evidence for Jesus: Having it Both Ways

Post #25

Post by Jagella »

1213 wrote:...it could just be slander for person that they hated, but who really existed.
Actually, I agree. Although there are good reasons to think that Jesus was a sorcerer, the Talmud's mention of Jesus was probably antiChristian propaganda and very possibly libel. Religions compete and in so doing they often demonize those religions they compete against. So we obviously need to be careful when we interpret religious rhetoric.

In summary my main point is that since the Talmud passage about Jesus is so negative, then it's probably not based in history. But if it is history, then we have evidence that Jesus was a sorcerer.

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Post #26

Post by peterk »

I don't enjoy debate, but am willing to contribute to a respectful discussion.

I agree with Jagella that we need to be consistent in our treatment of historical texts. But I don't think his proposed alternatives are the only ones available to us. I think that the Talmudic text allows us to draw the following conclusions:

1. There were Jews who believed that Jesus was a sorcerer.
2. There were Jews who believed that Jesus existed. (The logic? I find it hard to imagine anyone believing that a person was a sorcerer and non existent at the same time. The text is not consciously talking about a fictional character.)

Now if these two conclusions are reasonable, then we are not limited to adopting both or rejecting both. For instance, it's quite possible to conclude that sentence 2 is correct, but not sentence 1. If we hold that position, we are saying that the Jews were right about his existence but wrong about his identity. Those are two different statements about a person, and we are all entitled to assess them individually.

Note that this is a consistent approach, because it is what people from the beginning have been doing with the New Testament documents. Consider this conclusion to John's Gospel:

Jesus performed many other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not recorded in this book. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name. (John 21.30-31)

We have exactly the same set of choices here as with the Talmud:
1. John believed that Jesus is the Son of God.
2. John believed the Jesus existed. (He performed "signs in the presence of his disciples". The point here is not that the miracles were real. The point is they provide evidence of what John believed.)

And so we can approach John's gospel in the same way as the Talmud. We may decide that as regards existence and identity:
1. John is right about both (A first century Jewish rabbi also turns out to be the Son of God).
2. John is wrong about both (Jesus is pure fiction and is certainly NOT the Son of God).
3. John is right about existence but not identity (Jesus was a first century rabbi but no more than that).

It's worth noting that a survey of modern historical scholarship reflects exactly this spectrum. For instance Richard Carrier is a thorough going skeptic, arguing that Jesus is only a mythical figure. At the other end are scholars such as Richard Bauckham who uphold the gospels as reliable testimony to the existence and identity of Jesus. But in the middle there are scholars who reject the gospels' testimony to Jesus as Son of God, but still take those texts as reliable evidence to Jesus as a historical figure. A well known example is Bart Ehrman.

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Post #27

Post by Jagella »

peterk wrote:It's worth noting that a survey of modern historical scholarship reflects exactly this spectrum. For instance Richard Carrier is a thorough going skeptic, arguing that Jesus is only a mythical figure. At the other end are scholars such as Richard Bauckham who uphold the gospels as reliable testimony to the existence and identity of Jesus. But in the middle there are scholars who reject the gospels' testimony to Jesus as Son of God, but still take those texts as reliable evidence to Jesus as a historical figure. A well known example is Bart Ehrman.
The issue of the historicity of Jesus is an academic exercise. There's no proof either way, and both doubters and believers can only make their cases and hope they can convince people.

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Re: Historical Evidence for Jesus: Having it Both Ways

Post #28

Post by Realworldjack »

[Replying to post 14 by Jagella]
If you want to base your beliefs about Jesus on this evidence, then you must conclude that he was a sorcerer, and his activities culminated in a pernicious superstition.
Your thinking is way off here. What we can conclude is, there was a man named Jesus, since we have so many folk who write about him. From here we can read what they all have to say about this man we have strong evidence for, and conclude there were those who did not hold the same opinion.

In other words, we have the evidence that Jesus did indeed exist, because we have the evidence that there were those who thought he was a god, those who thought he was a sorcerer, along with those who thought he was simply a man.
But couldn't those individuals have "perceived" Jesus as a historical person?
Do I really have to explain that there is a tremendous difference between a number of folks who simply "perceived" a person who would not have been real, as opposed to these same folk reporting about a real man, but held different opinions of the same real person?
If you wish to explain away negative comments about Jesus as mere perceptions
When have I ever done such a thing? I have not! This is a good example. You see, I am a real person, but you have the false idea that I am attempting to defend Jesus from negative comments, when I am not.
then their word about Jesus' as a real person is disqualified by your own standard of evidence.
WRONG! Because I am not disqualifying their opinion of him.
So do you conclude that Jesus was a sorcerer?
What I conclude is that Jesus was a real man, who lived in real time, in real space, and in real history.

Was Jesus a sorcerer? Well I guess he certainly could have been since there are many reports of him performing what we would all acknowledge as, supernatural events. With this being the case, it should not surprise us to understand that there would be some who would have thought he may be some sort of god, while there surely could have been those who thought he may have been dealing in sorcery.

So yes, it is easy to understand how there may have been those who would have had a different opinion of what, who, and what he may have been involved in. But with all of the overwhelming evidence that we have for the real existence of Jesus, it is hard to understand how one would want to question his existence, instead of simply dealing with the facts we have available t us, and attempting to determine which, if any of these opinions, may be the correct one.

Just kidding! It is not that difficult at all to understand why there would be those who would want to question such things. It is called, "DESPERATION!"

In other words, we have all this overwhelming evidence for the existence of this man, and we also have some pretty strong evidence that he may have indeed been raised from the dead, and with this being the case, all those who are opposed have left, is to make a desperate attempt to suggest that we may not have enough evidence that he even existed.

It is intellectual suicide. It is like, "I know I cannot win the argument that there is no evidence that Jesus may have been raised from the dead, so I may as well go, all in."
Why deny what the Talmud says about Jesus being a sorcerer?
I have not, and do not! In other words, I see, and hear all opinions, and understand that they all could be legitimate, until, or unless one, or the other has been demonstrated to be false.

Other than that, we are all left to our own opinion, as we analyze, and examine the evidence, and all are legitimate opinions, until, or unless it can be determined otherwise.

So then I am fine with you having your opinion of Jesus. However, to take the leap to suggest that there may have been no such historical figure, is intellectual suicide, and I am fine with you doing that, but it is not wise to do so, here on a debate site.
In that case I will accept the evidence that Jesus was a real sorcerer who really started a pernicious superstition.
You see, now that is way better, because at least you would not be committing intellectual suicide.
Are you happy now that I've accepted this historical evidence for Jesus?
There was never any doubt in my mind as to whether you, "accepted the historical evidence for Jesus." Because, if I am not mistaken, you would be one of those who once claimed to truly embrace Christianity, and what it taught about Jesus, and now you want to tell us that you truly embraced someone, who may have never lived? How in the world could that happen? In other words, how could someone embrace such things, without sufficient evidence that the person they are embracing actually lived?

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Re: Historical Evidence for Jesus: Having it Both Ways

Post #29

Post by Jagella »

Realworldjack wrote:What we can conclude is, there was a man named Jesus, since we have so many folk who write about him.
It doesn't logically follow that the number of people writing about a character makes that character real. A lot of people write about fictional characters, and this kind of writing was very common in antiquity.
In other words, we have the evidence that Jesus did indeed exist...
Not everybody is convinced by that evidence.
Do I really have to explain that there is a tremendous difference between a number of folks who simply "perceived" a person who would not have been real, as opposed to these same folk reporting about a real man, but held different opinions of the same real person?
Yes. Please explain the difference between a real person people believe in and a fictional person they believe in. This distinction is crucial to the case for a historical Jesus. We need to know that the writings about Jesus are stories of a real person rather than stories about a myth. As far as I know, a story written about a fictional character can be identical to a story written about a real person.
...I am not disqualifying their opinion of him.
In that case you believe Jesus was a sorcerer.
...there surely could have been those who thought he may have been dealing in sorcery.
Yes. One religion's messiah is another religion's sorcerer. Religious writings are so biased that one should be very careful in trusting what they say.
But with all of the overwhelming evidence that we have for the real existence of Jesus, it is hard to understand how one would want to question his existence, instead of simply dealing with the facts we have available t us, and attempting to determine which, if any of these opinions, may be the correct one.
Is this an argument from I-just-can't-believe-anybody-could-disagree-with-me?
Just kidding! It is not that difficult at all to understand why there would be those who would want to question such things. It is called, "DESPERATION!"
That may be, but isn't it possible that many people are desperate for a real Jesus hoping he will take them to heaven?
...we are all left to our own opinion, as we analyze, and examine the evidence, and all are legitimate opinions, until, or unless it can be determined otherwise.
Have you "analyzed and examined" the Talmud? It's an enormous work.
However, to take the leap to suggest that there may have been no such historical figure, is intellectual suicide, and I am fine with you doing that, but it is not wise to do so, here on a debate site.
Actually I'm not sure if there was a Jesus who inspired the New Testament. The evidence is ambiguous.
In that case I will accept the evidence that Jesus was a real sorcerer who really started a pernicious superstition.
You see, now that is way better, because at least you would not be committing intellectual suicide.
I was joking. There are many historical difficulties in citing the Talmud as evidence for Jesus Christ that you appear not to be aware of. The Talmud was written way too late to be credible evidence for Christ. Moreover, the Jesus mentioned in the Talmud probably was not Christ. Finally, the Talmud was censored by Jew-hating Christians who mistakenly believed it blasphemed Jesus, so we don't know what the Talmud originally said.
...you would be one of those who once claimed to truly embrace Christianity, and what it taught about Jesus, and now you want to tell us that you truly embraced someone, who may have never lived? How in the world could that happen? In other words, how could someone embrace such things, without sufficient evidence that the person they are embracing actually lived?
It happened I suppose just like you believed Santa was a real person. People have a nasty habit of lying to us. People can and often do lie about people existing. All religions do so.

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Re: Historical Evidence for Jesus: Having it Both Ways

Post #30

Post by Jubal »

Jagella wrote: I was joking. There are many historical difficulties in citing the Talmud as evidence for Jesus Christ that you appear not to be aware of. The Talmud was written way too late to be credible evidence for Christ. Moreover, the Jesus mentioned in the Talmud probably was not Christ. Finally, the Talmud was censored by Jew-hating Christians who mistakenly believed it blasphemed Jesus, so we don't know what the Talmud originally said.
And the Talmud (and related books) have some very odd things to say about Jesus :

* Jesus was stoned to death for sorcery in Lydda (Lud) "Jesus the Nazarene is going forth to be stoned because he practiced sorcery and instigated and seduced Israel to idolatry."

* Jesus had five disciples "Our rabbis taught Jesus the Nazarene had five disciples, and these are they: Matthai, Naqqai, Netzer, Buni, and Todah"

* Jesus is in hell in a vat of boiling shit (Gittin 56b and 57a)

* Child Jesus got angry with another child who broke his toy, so Jesus struck him dead. After complaints, he had to bring him back to life (Toldoth Yeshu).

Funny how apologists don't mention those when they bring up the Talmud as eveidence for Jesus :)

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