Here's a brief summary explaining cognitive biases:
Source: https://www.masterclass.com/articles/ho ... itive-biasCognitive biases are often confused with logical fallacies. A logical fallacy refers to an error in reasoning that weakens or invalidates an argument.
A cognitive bias is a strong, preconceived notion of someone or something, based on information we have, perceive to have, or lack.
Cognitive biases are inherent in the way we think, and many of them are unconscious. The many types of cognitive biases serve as systematic errors in a person’s subjective way of thinking, which originate from that individual’s own perceptions, observations, or points of view.
How Does Cognitive Bias Impact the Way We Think?
Biases make it difficult for people to exchange accurate information or derive truths. A cognitive bias distorts our critical thinking, leading to possibly perpetuating misconceptions or misinformation that can be damaging to others.
Biases lead us to avoid information that may be unwelcome or uncomfortable, rather than investigating the information that could lead us to a more accurate outcome. Biases can also cause us to see patterns or connections between ideas that aren’t necessarily there.
For a list to go with this summary, maybe we can start with these from Wikipedia:
Confirmation bias:
Tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions, and discredit information that does not support the initial opinion.
Framing bias:
Tendency to narrow the description of a situation in order to guide to a selected conclusion. The same primer can be framed differently and therefor lead to different conclusions.
Continued influence effect (CIE):
Misinformation continues to influence memory and reasoning about an event, despite the misinformation having been corrected
Bandwagon effect:
the tendency to do (or believe) things because many other people do (or believe) the same. Related to groupthink and herd behavior.
False consensus effect:
the tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which others agree with them.
A lot of people have heard about bias but they may not know about the different types and how it influences their thinking. Having this list (of course there's more) should help us identify our own biases so that we can work on avoiding them.