Paradise on Earth

[onewithhim]

When I learned that the Bible speaks of a restored Garden of Eden and the restoration of mankind to the perfection and endless life that Adam forfeited, I was thrilled. Who doesn't want to keep living on this beautiful earth, with our loved ones, and being able to do all the things we love to do---endlessly?

If God said to you today, "When do you want to die?" would you say "now!!"? I don't think very many people would say that.

We CAN live forever here on Earth. The Bible tells us that we can.

Matthew 5:5
Psalm 37:9-11,29

[onewithhim]

May I know what verse that says God chose not to know?

You missed again my question above onewithhim

I did answer, on another thread possibly. If He would know everything, that would mean that, prior to creating angels or humans, God exercised His powers of foreknowledge and foresaw all that would result from such creation, including the rebellion of Satan and Adam and Eve, and all the consequenses of such rebellion down to this day (and even beyond). This would mean that all the wickedness that history has recorded once existed , before creation's beginning, only in the mind of God. If God had indeed exercised His power to foreknow, then the full weight of all the wickedness resulting after that was deliberately set in motion by God when He spoke the words: "Let us make man." (Gen.1:26)

Why would He do that? He wouldn't, unless He was taking advantage of His ability to NOT foresee if He so wished.

If you believe that God is all knowing, then chose not to know certain things. The logic would be He does not know all things as there are certain things He does not know. As according to most theological interpretations, God, being omniscient (all-knowing), does not "choose" not to know things; however, some argue that God may choose to withhold certain knowledge from humans, even though He knows it, for reasons like allowing free will or protecting us from overwhelming information.

Will you please comment on what I wrote in the post and tell me why it is not worthy of consideration?

Yes, God said, "let us make man", that does not mean that He chose not to know the consequences of creating Adam and Eve.
Yes, God even grieved the wickedness of man, that also does not mean that He chose not to know it. (Gen 6:6)
Even us, we know that we will die and when the time comes, we grieved.

What about the first part of my post, before "Let us make man"? It explains why God would not choose to know everything that would happen. What about that?

You have not provided even one text that proves that God chose not to know certain things.
Texts below proves that God was well informed of the great wickedness of man that He had made the decision to punish all to death, except the family of Noah. Imagine all to death and that was the result of God's decision of, "let us make man".
God foreknow everything what we will do in the future, good or bad, as He has given us the power to choose.

Gen 6:5 And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
Gen 6:6 And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.

That was AFTER Adam and Eve were created. I'm talking about what he did or did not know before He created the earth and everything on it.

Ephesians 1:4 teaches that God “chose us in him [Christ] before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him.” This shows that God was not taken by surprise by the Fall, and had planned for it even before He created. He had already determined that Jesus would die for our sins and rise again. So this passage sweeps through all of salvation history, from the work of God in eternity past, to the believer’s present salvation and destiny in eternity future.
One of lexicon definition of "world" in Greek "kosmos" is universe, earth etc.

Eph 1:4 According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love:

κόσμος kosmos
Thayer Definition:
1) an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order, government
2) ornament, decoration, adornment, i.e. the arrangement of the stars, ‘the heavenly hosts’, as the ornament of the heavens. 1Pe 3:3
3) the world, the universe
4) the circle of the earth, the earth

I don't accept that that is the only definition of the "world." What about the "world" at I John 2:15,16? What is your definition of that?

[Capbook]

You missed again my question above onewithhim

I did answer, on another thread possibly. If He would know everything, that would mean that, prior to creating angels or humans, God exercised His powers of foreknowledge and foresaw all that would result from such creation, including the rebellion of Satan and Adam and Eve, and all the consequenses of such rebellion down to this day (and even beyond). This would mean that all the wickedness that history has recorded once existed , before creation's beginning, only in the mind of God. If God had indeed exercised His power to foreknow, then the full weight of all the wickedness resulting after that was deliberately set in motion by God when He spoke the words: "Let us make man." (Gen.1:26)

Why would He do that? He wouldn't, unless He was taking advantage of His ability to NOT foresee if He so wished.

If you believe that God is all knowing, then chose not to know certain things. The logic would be He does not know all things as there are certain things He does not know. As according to most theological interpretations, God, being omniscient (all-knowing), does not "choose" not to know things; however, some argue that God may choose to withhold certain knowledge from humans, even though He knows it, for reasons like allowing free will or protecting us from overwhelming information.

Will you please comment on what I wrote in the post and tell me why it is not worthy of consideration?

Yes, God said, "let us make man", that does not mean that He chose not to know the consequences of creating Adam and Eve.
Yes, God even grieved the wickedness of man, that also does not mean that He chose not to know it. (Gen 6:6)
Even us, we know that we will die and when the time comes, we grieved.

What about the first part of my post, before "Let us make man"? It explains why God would not choose to know everything that would happen. What about that?

You have not provided even one text that proves that God chose not to know certain things.
Texts below proves that God was well informed of the great wickedness of man that He had made the decision to punish all to death, except the family of Noah. Imagine all to death and that was the result of God's decision of, "let us make man".
God foreknow everything what we will do in the future, good or bad, as He has given us the power to choose.

Gen 6:5 And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
Gen 6:6 And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.

That was AFTER Adam and Eve were created. I'm talking about what he did or did not know before He created the earth and everything on it.

Ephesians 1:4 teaches that God “chose us in him [Christ] before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him.” This shows that God was not taken by surprise by the Fall, and had planned for it even before He created. He had already determined that Jesus would die for our sins and rise again. So this passage sweeps through all of salvation history, from the work of God in eternity past, to the believer’s present salvation and destiny in eternity future.
One of lexicon definition of "world" in Greek "kosmos" is universe, earth etc.

Eph 1:4 According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love:

κόσμος kosmos
Thayer Definition:
1) an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order, government
2) ornament, decoration, adornment, i.e. the arrangement of the stars, ‘the heavenly hosts’, as the ornament of the heavens. 1Pe 3:3
3) the world, the universe
4) the circle of the earth, the earth

I don't accept that that is the only definition of the "world." What about the "world" at I John 2:15,16? What is your definition of that?

Yes, I believe I have posted the complete definition of "world" in Greek "kosmos" in the other thread.
Through context 1 John 2:15-16, will be understood as definition #6.
That's why I mentioned to you one or two not all definition of kosmos, as earth and universe.

κόσμος kosmos
Thayer Definition:
1) an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order, government
2) ornament, decoration, adornment, i.e. the arrangement of the stars, ‘the heavenly hosts’, as the ornament of the heavens. 1Pe 3:3
3) the world, the universe
4) the circle of the earth, the earth
5) the inhabitants of the earth, men, the human family
6) the ungodly multitude; the whole mass of men alienated from God, and therefore hostile to the cause of Christ
7) world affairs, the aggregate of things earthly
7a) the whole circle of earthly goods, endowments riches, advantages, pleasures, etc, which although hollow and frail and fleeting, stir desire, seduce from God and are obstacles to the cause of Christ
8) any aggregate or general collection of particulars of any sort
8a) the Gentiles as contrasted to the Jews (Rom 11:12 etc)
8b) of believers only, Jhn 1:29; Jhn 3:16-17; Jhn 6:33; Jhn 12:47 1Co 4:9; 2Co 5:19

1Jn 2:15 Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him.
1Jn 2:16 For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.

[onewithhim]

I did answer, on another thread possibly. If He would know everything, that would mean that, prior to creating angels or humans, God exercised His powers of foreknowledge and foresaw all that would result from such creation, including the rebellion of Satan and Adam and Eve, and all the consequenses of such rebellion down to this day (and even beyond). This would mean that all the wickedness that history has recorded once existed , before creation's beginning, only in the mind of God. If God had indeed exercised His power to foreknow, then the full weight of all the wickedness resulting after that was deliberately set in motion by God when He spoke the words: "Let us make man." (Gen.1:26)

Why would He do that? He wouldn't, unless He was taking advantage of His ability to NOT foresee if He so wished.

If you believe that God is all knowing, then chose not to know certain things. The logic would be He does not know all things as there are certain things He does not know. As according to most theological interpretations, God, being omniscient (all-knowing), does not "choose" not to know things; however, some argue that God may choose to withhold certain knowledge from humans, even though He knows it, for reasons like allowing free will or protecting us from overwhelming information.

Will you please comment on what I wrote in the post and tell me why it is not worthy of consideration?

Yes, God said, "let us make man", that does not mean that He chose not to know the consequences of creating Adam and Eve.
Yes, God even grieved the wickedness of man, that also does not mean that He chose not to know it. (Gen 6:6)
Even us, we know that we will die and when the time comes, we grieved.

What about the first part of my post, before "Let us make man"? It explains why God would not choose to know everything that would happen. What about that?

You have not provided even one text that proves that God chose not to know certain things.
Texts below proves that God was well informed of the great wickedness of man that He had made the decision to punish all to death, except the family of Noah. Imagine all to death and that was the result of God's decision of, "let us make man".
God foreknow everything what we will do in the future, good or bad, as He has given us the power to choose.

Gen 6:5 And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
Gen 6:6 And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.

That was AFTER Adam and Eve were created. I'm talking about what he did or did not know before He created the earth and everything on it.

Ephesians 1:4 teaches that God “chose us in him [Christ] before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him.” This shows that God was not taken by surprise by the Fall, and had planned for it even before He created. He had already determined that Jesus would die for our sins and rise again. So this passage sweeps through all of salvation history, from the work of God in eternity past, to the believer’s present salvation and destiny in eternity future.
One of lexicon definition of "world" in Greek "kosmos" is universe, earth etc.

Eph 1:4 According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love:

κόσμος kosmos
Thayer Definition:
1) an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order, government
2) ornament, decoration, adornment, i.e. the arrangement of the stars, ‘the heavenly hosts’, as the ornament of the heavens. 1Pe 3:3
3) the world, the universe
4) the circle of the earth, the earth

I don't accept that that is the only definition of the "world." What about the "world" at I John 2:15,16? What is your definition of that?

Yes, I believe I have posted the complete definition of "world" in Greek "kosmos" in the other thread.
Through context 1 John 2:15-16, will be understood as definition #6.
That's why I mentioned to you one or two not all definition of kosmos, as earth and universe.

κόσμος kosmos
Thayer Definition:
1) an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order, government
2) ornament, decoration, adornment, i.e. the arrangement of the stars, ‘the heavenly hosts’, as the ornament of the heavens. 1Pe 3:3
3) the world, the universe
4) the circle of the earth, the earth
5) the inhabitants of the earth, men, the human family
6) the ungodly multitude; the whole mass of men alienated from God, and therefore hostile to the cause of Christ
7) world affairs, the aggregate of things earthly
7a) the whole circle of earthly goods, endowments riches, advantages, pleasures, etc, which although hollow and frail and fleeting, stir desire, seduce from God and are obstacles to the cause of Christ
8) any aggregate or general collection of particulars of any sort
8a) the Gentiles as contrasted to the Jews (Rom 11:12 etc)
8b) of believers only, Jhn 1:29; Jhn 3:16-17; Jhn 6:33; Jhn 12:47 1Co 4:9; 2Co 5:19

1Jn 2:15 Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him.
1Jn 2:16 For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.

Yes, I agree. Definition 6.

[Capbook]

If you believe that God is all knowing, then chose not to know certain things. The logic would be He does not know all things as there are certain things He does not know. As according to most theological interpretations, God, being omniscient (all-knowing), does not "choose" not to know things; however, some argue that God may choose to withhold certain knowledge from humans, even though He knows it, for reasons like allowing free will or protecting us from overwhelming information.

Will you please comment on what I wrote in the post and tell me why it is not worthy of consideration?

Yes, God said, "let us make man", that does not mean that He chose not to know the consequences of creating Adam and Eve.
Yes, God even grieved the wickedness of man, that also does not mean that He chose not to know it. (Gen 6:6)
Even us, we know that we will die and when the time comes, we grieved.

What about the first part of my post, before "Let us make man"? It explains why God would not choose to know everything that would happen. What about that?

You have not provided even one text that proves that God chose not to know certain things.
Texts below proves that God was well informed of the great wickedness of man that He had made the decision to punish all to death, except the family of Noah. Imagine all to death and that was the result of God's decision of, "let us make man".
God foreknow everything what we will do in the future, good or bad, as He has given us the power to choose.

Gen 6:5 And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
Gen 6:6 And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.

That was AFTER Adam and Eve were created. I'm talking about what he did or did not know before He created the earth and everything on it.

Ephesians 1:4 teaches that God “chose us in him [Christ] before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him.” This shows that God was not taken by surprise by the Fall, and had planned for it even before He created. He had already determined that Jesus would die for our sins and rise again. So this passage sweeps through all of salvation history, from the work of God in eternity past, to the believer’s present salvation and destiny in eternity future.
One of lexicon definition of "world" in Greek "kosmos" is universe, earth etc.

Eph 1:4 According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love:

κόσμος kosmos
Thayer Definition:
1) an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order, government
2) ornament, decoration, adornment, i.e. the arrangement of the stars, ‘the heavenly hosts’, as the ornament of the heavens. 1Pe 3:3
3) the world, the universe
4) the circle of the earth, the earth

I don't accept that that is the only definition of the "world." What about the "world" at I John 2:15,16? What is your definition of that?

Yes, I believe I have posted the complete definition of "world" in Greek "kosmos" in the other thread.
Through context 1 John 2:15-16, will be understood as definition #6.
That's why I mentioned to you one or two not all definition of kosmos, as earth and universe.

κόσμος kosmos
Thayer Definition:
1) an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order, government
2) ornament, decoration, adornment, i.e. the arrangement of the stars, ‘the heavenly hosts’, as the ornament of the heavens. 1Pe 3:3
3) the world, the universe
4) the circle of the earth, the earth
5) the inhabitants of the earth, men, the human family
6) the ungodly multitude; the whole mass of men alienated from God, and therefore hostile to the cause of Christ
7) world affairs, the aggregate of things earthly
7a) the whole circle of earthly goods, endowments riches, advantages, pleasures, etc, which although hollow and frail and fleeting, stir desire, seduce from God and are obstacles to the cause of Christ
8) any aggregate or general collection of particulars of any sort
8a) the Gentiles as contrasted to the Jews (Rom 11:12 etc)
8b) of believers only, Jhn 1:29; Jhn 3:16-17; Jhn 6:33; Jhn 12:47 1Co 4:9; 2Co 5:19

1Jn 2:15 Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him.
1Jn 2:16 For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.

Yes, I agree. Definition 6.

Yes, would you also agree that there is definition of world in #3 &4?

[onewithhim]

Will you please comment on what I wrote in the post and tell me why it is not worthy of consideration?

Yes, God said, "let us make man", that does not mean that He chose not to know the consequences of creating Adam and Eve.
Yes, God even grieved the wickedness of man, that also does not mean that He chose not to know it. (Gen 6:6)
Even us, we know that we will die and when the time comes, we grieved.

What about the first part of my post, before "Let us make man"? It explains why God would not choose to know everything that would happen. What about that?

You have not provided even one text that proves that God chose not to know certain things.
Texts below proves that God was well informed of the great wickedness of man that He had made the decision to punish all to death, except the family of Noah. Imagine all to death and that was the result of God's decision of, "let us make man".
God foreknow everything what we will do in the future, good or bad, as He has given us the power to choose.

Gen 6:5 And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
Gen 6:6 And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.

That was AFTER Adam and Eve were created. I'm talking about what he did or did not know before He created the earth and everything on it.

Ephesians 1:4 teaches that God “chose us in him [Christ] before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him.” This shows that God was not taken by surprise by the Fall, and had planned for it even before He created. He had already determined that Jesus would die for our sins and rise again. So this passage sweeps through all of salvation history, from the work of God in eternity past, to the believer’s present salvation and destiny in eternity future.
One of lexicon definition of "world" in Greek "kosmos" is universe, earth etc.

Eph 1:4 According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love:

κόσμος kosmos
Thayer Definition:
1) an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order, government
2) ornament, decoration, adornment, i.e. the arrangement of the stars, ‘the heavenly hosts’, as the ornament of the heavens. 1Pe 3:3
3) the world, the universe
4) the circle of the earth, the earth

I don't accept that that is the only definition of the "world." What about the "world" at I John 2:15,16? What is your definition of that?

Yes, I believe I have posted the complete definition of "world" in Greek "kosmos" in the other thread.
Through context 1 John 2:15-16, will be understood as definition #6.
That's why I mentioned to you one or two not all definition of kosmos, as earth and universe.

κόσμος kosmos
Thayer Definition:
1) an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order, government
2) ornament, decoration, adornment, i.e. the arrangement of the stars, ‘the heavenly hosts’, as the ornament of the heavens. 1Pe 3:3
3) the world, the universe
4) the circle of the earth, the earth
5) the inhabitants of the earth, men, the human family
6) the ungodly multitude; the whole mass of men alienated from God, and therefore hostile to the cause of Christ
7) world affairs, the aggregate of things earthly
7a) the whole circle of earthly goods, endowments riches, advantages, pleasures, etc, which although hollow and frail and fleeting, stir desire, seduce from God and are obstacles to the cause of Christ
8) any aggregate or general collection of particulars of any sort
8a) the Gentiles as contrasted to the Jews (Rom 11:12 etc)
8b) of believers only, Jhn 1:29; Jhn 3:16-17; Jhn 6:33; Jhn 12:47 1Co 4:9; 2Co 5:19

1Jn 2:15 Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him.
1Jn 2:16 For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.

Yes, I agree. Definition 6.

Yes, would you also agree that there is definition of world in #3 &4?

Yes. One must read it in context.

[onewithhim]

[Replying to onewithhim in post #3235]

There is a lot of quibbling here about Paradise and what that really means. It is a fact---it is coming, and it will be the beginning of life as it was meant to be. Perfect conditions and people with perfect health, and a good relationship between God and us humans. Whether we want to believe it or not, it is coming. God's purpose for the earth in the beginning was to be the perfect home for humans and for us to live on this beautiful planet forever. To learn more about Paradise on Earth, visit www.jw.org and put in the search bar "Paradise." Then scroll down to "The Paradise New World That is Near."

[Capbook]

[Replying to onewithhim in post #3235]

There is a lot of quibbling here about Paradise and what that really means. It is a fact---it is coming, and it will be the beginning of life as it was meant to be. Perfect conditions and people with perfect health, and a good relationship between God and us humans. Whether we want to believe it or not, it is coming. God's purpose for the earth in the beginning was to be the perfect home for humans and for us to live on this beautiful planet forever. To learn more about Paradise on Earth, visit www.jw.org and put in the search bar "Paradise." Then scroll down to "The Paradise New World That is Near."

Yes, in Gen 2:8, "Eden" defined in Greek as "paradeisos" which means "paradise.
Paradise lost when Adam and Eve sinned, paradise restored to those who overcometh. (Rev 2:7)

παράδεισος paradeisos
par-ad'-i-sos
Of Oriental origin (compare [H6508]); a park, that is, (specifically) an Eden (place of future happiness, “paradise”): - paradise.

Gen 2:8 And  God planted  paradise  in  Eden  according to the east,  and he put   there  the  man   whom   he shaped.  

Gen 2:8 And G2532  God planted G5452 G3588 G2316  paradise G3857  in G1722  Eden G*  according to G2596  the east, G395  and G2532  he put G5087  there G1563  the G3588  man G444  whom G3739  he shaped. G4111 

Gen 2:8 και G2532  εφυτευσεν ο θεος G5452 G3588 G2316  παραδεισον G3857  εν G1722  Εδεν G*  κατα G2596  ανατολας G395  και G2532  εθετο G5087  εκει G1563  τον G3588  ανθρωπον G444  ον G3739  επλασε G4111 

[JehovahsWitness]

... "Eden" defined in Greek as "paradeisos" which means "paradise.

No that is incorrect.

EDEN means "pleasure / delight" Note the following from an article on hebrewuniversityc.om

The Hebrew root ‘A-D-N’ {ע-ד-נ}, from which the word ‘Eden’ is derived can be found in other references in the Hebrew Bible, such as in the story of Sarah when she heard the news about Isaac: “So Sarah laughed to herself, saying, “After I am worn out, and my lord is old, shall I have pleasure?”

There the original Hebrew word for ‘pleasure’ is ‘Ednah’ {עדנה} – which comes from the same root as ‘Eden.’ If we will compare this to what is written in Psalms: “They feast on the abundance of your house, and you give them drink from the river of your delights.” (Psalm 36:8)

There the original Hebrew word for ‘delights’ is ‘Ada’necha’ {עדניך} which derives from the same root as well. Therefore, it would be safe to assume that the meaning of the Hebrew word ‘Eden’ has something to do with ‘pleasure’or ‘delight.’

https://www.hebrewversity.com/deeper-he ... rden-eden/

[Capbook]

... "Eden" defined in Greek as "paradeisos" which means "paradise.

No that is incorrect.

EDEN means "pleasure / delight" Note the following from an article on hebrewuniversityc.om

The Hebrew root ‘A-D-N’ {ע-ד-נ}, from which the word ‘Eden’ is derived can be found in other references in the Hebrew Bible, such as in the story of Sarah when she heard the news about Isaac: “So Sarah laughed to herself, saying, “After I am worn out, and my lord is old, shall I have pleasure?”

There the original Hebrew word for ‘pleasure’ is ‘Ednah’ {עדנה} – which comes from the same root as ‘Eden.’ If we will compare this to what is written in Psalms: “They feast on the abundance of your house, and you give them drink from the river of your delights.” (Psalm 36:8)

There the original Hebrew word for ‘delights’ is ‘Ada’necha’ {עדניך} which derives from the same root as well. Therefore, it would be safe to assume that the meaning of the Hebrew word ‘Eden’ has something to do with ‘pleasure’or ‘delight.’

https://www.hebrewversity.com/deeper-he ... rden-eden/

I quote "Eden" as in Greek means as paradise.
Yes, in Hebrew Eden means as pleasure.
Don't you believe that future God's paradise will be on earth or in heaven?

עדן ‛êden
BDB Definition:
Eden = “pleasure”
1) the first habitat of man after the creation; site unknown (noun proper masculine locative)
2) a Gershonite Levite, son of Joah in the days of king Hezekiah of Judah (noun proper masculine)

[JehovahsWitness]

I quote "Eden" as in Greek means as paradise.

No it does not.

The septuguint [which of course in the GREEK lanhuage] translated "the garden of Eden" as -->> ho paradeisos tēs truphēs (literally the garden of luxury/ indulgence)

So . ..

---> paradeisos = garden
---> Eden = luxury/ pleasure / enjoyment

Source https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ga ... s%20named.