Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

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Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #1

Post by AgnosticBoy »

Critics of scientific realism ask how the inner perception of mental images actually occurs. This is sometimes called the "homunculus problem" (see also the mind's eye). The problem is similar to asking how the images you see on a computer screen exist in the memory of the computer. To scientific materialism, mental images and the perception of them must be brain-states. According to critics, scientific realists cannot explain where the images and their perceiver exist in the brain. To use the analogy of the computer screen, these critics argue that cognitive science and psychology have been unsuccessful in identifying either the component in the brain (i.e., "hardware") or the mental processes that store these images (i.e. "software").
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_image

I presented this argument a few months ago on this forum. I will play more of an information-seeking role here because I was left unsatisfied in the last thread. So again, I pose this challenge to materialists to use empirically-verifiable evidence to explain how or why mental images are physical when we DO NOT perceive them with our senses (hallucinations, dreams, etc).

Here's an easier way to put it:
1. Why aren't scientists able to observe our mental images (our hallucinations, dreams, etc) if they are physical?

2. Since perception involves our senses, then how am I able to perceive mental images without my senses?

I want scientifically verifiable peer-reviewed evidence-based answers to my questions. If you don't know, then just admit it. Don't simply tell me that scientists will figure it out - that's FAITH ... not scientific EVIDENCE.
Last edited by AgnosticBoy on Sun Mar 18, 2018 1:12 am, edited 1 time in total.

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Re: Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #151

Post by William »

[Replying to Clownboat in post #150]

Our brains are internal ....
How do you determine this?
Biology classes, hunting and my cat have given me first hand knowledge. We also know where the brain is located because it is housed within the skull, specifically within the bony structure called the cranium. The brain is further protected by layers of tissue called the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. The major parts of the brain, like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem, are located in specific regions within the skull.

The better question is... why don't you know where are brains are located?
I know where human brains are located...

My question focuses on the "internal to what?" angle of perception.

For example, your brain is external to all other brains...

What is your brain internal to? "Your skull" is obvious, and indeed your whole nervous system, (part of the brain) is internal to your body... but are YOU internal to you brain or external? Something else? How do you determine this?
the state of being awake and aware of one's surroundings.
What position relative to your body is this state of awareness? Internal or external? If internal then do you regard your body as part of "one's surroundings"?
Consciousness is NOT the state of determining what words mean. You need to amend your thinking
What then does the determining in your world, that I should amend my "thinking"?

"If you are able to think of anything that might suggest that consciousness is external (from our brains), let us know. Perhaps that will give us something to discuss."

Your consciousness is external to mine, presuming you mean "external" to being "other than".
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Re: Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #152

Post by Clownboat »

William wrote: Wed Aug 20, 2025 6:03 pm What is your brain internal to? "Your skull" is obvious, and indeed your whole nervous system, (part of the brain) is internal to your body... but are YOU internal to you brain or external?
Please define what YOU is here, how you are using it and how you know it to be a real thing and not a metacognition process. It seems that you may be assuming facts that are not in evidence.
What position relative to your body is this state of awareness? Internal or external?
Seems internal to me and only a functioning brain (something with the ability to think about our thinking which could then supply this idea of 'self') seems to be required. I have asked numerous times for any evidence that would suggest consciousness being external and so far nothing outside of Pam has been offered. It seems clear that any evidence that would suggest that consciousness is external is lacking and therefore we should withhold belief for now until more is offered.
If internal then do you regard your body as part of "one's surroundings"?
Please decide for yourself.
bod·y
/ˈbädē/
noun
1.
the physical structure of a person or an animal, including the bones, flesh, and organs.
Consciousness is NOT the state of determining what words mean. You need to amend your thinking
What then does the determining in your world, that I should amend my "thinking"?
You tell me. I just noted your error and in place of correcting it, you ask me questions. This informs me that you may not care if the beliefs you hold are true or not. Feel free to not correct your thinking and remain in error. Matters not to me.
Clownboat wrote:"If you are able to think of anything that might suggest that consciousness is external (from our brains), let us know. Perhaps that will give us something to discuss."
Your consciousness is external to mine, presuming you mean "external" to being "other than".
I'll take this as another admission that you cannot think of anything that might suggest that consciousness is external (from our brains).

Be well.
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Re: Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #153

Post by William »

[Replying to Clownboat in post #152]

My question doesn’t require me to prove that “YOU” is a real thing. It only asks what position this state of awareness occupies relative to the body. Even if you call it a “metacognition process,” it still leaves the question: is this process internal to the brain or not?

Awareness is what makes “internal” and “external” meaningful in the first place. So before we decide whether the “self” is an illusion or a real entity, we need to account for the fact that it is awareness itself drawing the boundary lines.

And - ironically - if this awareness IS the illusion you appear to believe it is, WHY are you arguing on its behalf?

For the record, I’ve never claimed consciousness is “external” to anything and is why I am asking you these questions. That’s an erroneous frame you keep trying to pin on me. My point is simpler: “internal” and “external” are distinctions that only consciousness makes possible. To ask whether consciousness is inside or outside the brain already presumes what you have yet to provide evidence for in order to prove.

You want me to decide for myself whether you regard your body as part of your surroundings? Is this because you don't have an answer or because you like playing games?

You continue with your games by making claims that my thinking needs amending, but when pushed to explain yourself, you ask me to explain it for you. Perhaps if you can't explain your claims, you might seriously think about not making them, let alone spinning it so that others should explain your claims on your behalf. That is not debate. What it is, is clowning around and time-wasting, and not what I am here for.
I'll take this as another admission that you cannot think of anything that might suggest that consciousness is external (from our brains).
Given that I have not argued consciousness is external or internal to the brain, I see no reason to admit anything for or against the idea that you introduced into the debate.
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Unjustified Fact Claim(UFC) example - belief (of any sort) based on personal subjective experience. (Belief-based belief)
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Re: Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #154

Post by Clownboat »

William wrote: Mon Aug 25, 2025 3:21 pm My question doesn’t require me to prove that “YOU” is a real thing. It only asks what position this state of awareness occupies relative to the body. Even if you call it a “metacognition process,” it still leaves the question: is this process internal to the brain or not?
I acknowledge that you refuse to define the word you used which make it impossible for me to attempt to answer any questions about this undefined term.
As far as our ability to be aware of our surroundings (the definition for consciousness that I have supplied many times now), that does seem to take place only in our brains.

Here is where you might offer something up that might challenge this statement, but so far, upon each request I get met with questions only. I acknowledge that you have lots of questions.
Awareness is what makes “internal” and “external” meaningful in the first place. So before we decide whether the “self” is an illusion or a real entity, we need to account for the fact that it is awareness itself drawing the boundary lines.
Awareness doesn't draw boundary lines in a literal sense. Perhaps you mean in some psychological sense, but this seems to be just another distraction from actually discussing where and how we become conscious. Feel free to believe that awareness literally draws boundary lines for all it matters to me as I don't see this belief affecting our debate either way.
And - ironically - if this awareness IS the illusion you appear to believe it is, WHY are you arguing on its behalf?
I seek to discuss if our consciousness is internal or external. Your off topic questions, refusal to offer challenges to my observations and now your false accusation that I believe awareness is an illusion makes this impossible to actually discuss with you.
For the record, I’ve never claimed consciousness is “external” to anything and is why I am asking you these questions.
What has caused you to abandon simulation theory?
That’s an erroneous frame you keep trying to pin on me.

This is true if you are able to inform me what caused you to abandon simulation theory. If you have nothing to offer up, my claim is in fact not erroneous.
My point is simpler: “internal” and “external” are distinctions that only consciousness makes possible.
I reject this for being incorrect, but I acknowledge that you think you have made a point and urge you to seek out a dictionary where these words are in fact distinctly defined.
If you are suggesting that a rock will not know the difference between internal and external, I would like to abandon this discussion with you for being far to juvenile.
To ask whether consciousness is inside or outside the brain already presumes what you have yet to provide evidence for in order to prove.
This is a nonsensical rambling and conveys no meaning that I can garner from it.
You want me to decide for myself whether you regard your body as part of your surroundings? Is this because you don't have an answer or because you like playing games?
Third option you left out. The question doesn't foster debate and is being ignored for the distraction it is believed to be. If I have errored, please demonstrate such by explaining how this would affect our debate if I thought our bodies were part of our surroundings and if I didn't. Perhaps I will need to amend my thinking...
You continue with your games by making claims that my thinking needs amending,
You made a false claim. You made our bed, now you need to sleep in it. Once again, these words have nothing to do with the discussion at hand.
but when pushed to explain yourself, you ask me to explain it for you.
There is nothing to explain. You made an error and didn't correct your thinking. I acknowledge this, but don't make errors and then pretend to be the victim.
Perhaps if you can't explain your claims, you might seriously think about not making them, let alone spinning it so that others should explain your claims on your behalf. That is not debate. What it is, is clowning around and time-wasting, and not what I am here for.
If you don't have anything that might suggest that consciousness is external, I don't see what you have to debate with me.
Clownboat wrote:I'll take this as another admission that you cannot think of anything that might suggest that consciousness is external (from our brains).
Given that I have not argued consciousness is external or internal to the brain, I see no reason to admit anything for or against the idea that you introduced into the debate.
And what changed from post #72:
William: "I think the idea of a "screen" is that consciousness acts as this. Since there are no eyes in the brain, the experiences had (to do with apparent nonphysical vision) could be thought of as data from the physical object (brain) being projected onto consciousness and interpreted as/through imagery."

You clearly are suggesting that consciousness is external from the brain if data from the brain is projecting onto consciousness.
projecting
/prōˈjektiNG/
adjective
extending outward beyond something else; protruding.
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It is sad that in an age of freedom some people are enslaved by the nomads of old. - Marco

If you are unable to demonstrate that what you believe is true and you absolve yourself of the burden of proof, then what is the purpose of your arguments? - brunumb

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Re: Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #155

Post by William »

Image

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Re: Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #156

Post by William »

[Replying to Clownboat in post #154]
Given that I have not argued consciousness is external or internal to the brain, I see no reason to admit anything for or against the idea that you introduced into the debate.
And what changed from post #72:
William: "I think the idea of a "screen" is that consciousness acts as this. Since there are no eyes in the brain, the experiences had (to do with apparent nonphysical vision) could be thought of as data from the physical object (brain) being projected onto consciousness and interpreted as/through imagery."

You clearly are suggesting that consciousness is external from the brain if data from the brain is projecting onto consciousness.
projecting
/prōˈjektiNG/
adjective
extending outward beyond something else; protruding.
I think I understand now why you’re arguing the way you do. It might be because you don’t use a vivid ‘mind’s-eye’ in your own thinking. Research shows less than 30% of people are strong picture-thinkers, about 45% use both imagery and words, and 25% think almost exclusively in words. (source)

For those with a mind’s-eye, ‘projection’ is just a way to describe how imagery appears internally. For someone without that, the word defaults to the literal dictionary meaning: ‘extending outward.’ That’s why my metaphor sounded to you like I was saying consciousness exists externally.

This also explains why you think I have to abandon Simulation Theory. In your frame, if consciousness isn’t literally external, then the whole idea of a created or simulated reality collapses. But in my frame, the projection analogy still works internally: the mind’s-eye is a screen where data is rendered as experience, just as a simulation would render perception. So ST doesn’t depend on consciousness being external—it depends on how experience is generated and displayed.
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Unjustified Fact Claim(UFC) example - belief (of any sort) based on personal subjective experience. (Belief-based belief)
Justified Fact Claim(JFC) Example, The Earth is spherical in shape. (Knowledge-based belief)
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Re: Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #157

Post by Clownboat »

William wrote: Tue Aug 26, 2025 3:51 am [Replying to Clownboat in post #154]
Given that I have not argued consciousness is external or internal to the brain, I see no reason to admit anything for or against the idea that you introduced into the debate.
And what changed from post #72:
William: "I think the idea of a "screen" is that consciousness acts as this. Since there are no eyes in the brain, the experiences had (to do with apparent nonphysical vision) could be thought of as data from the physical object (brain) being projected onto consciousness and interpreted as/through imagery."

You clearly are suggesting that consciousness is external from the brain if data from the brain is projecting onto consciousness.
projecting
/prōˈjektiNG/
adjective
extending outward beyond something else; protruding.
I think I understand now why you’re arguing the way you do. It might be because you don’t use a vivid ‘mind’s-eye’ in your own thinking. Research shows less than 30% of people are strong picture-thinkers, about 45% use both imagery and words, and 25% think almost exclusively in words. (source)

For those with a mind’s-eye, ‘projection’ is just a way to describe how imagery appears internally. For someone without that, the word defaults to the literal dictionary meaning: ‘extending outward.’ That’s why my metaphor sounded to you like I was saying consciousness exists externally.

This also explains why you think I have to abandon Simulation Theory. In your frame, if consciousness isn’t literally external, then the whole idea of a created or simulated reality collapses. But in my frame, the projection analogy still works internally: the mind’s-eye is a screen where data is rendered as experience, just as a simulation would render perception. So ST doesn’t depend on consciousness being external—it depends on how experience is generated and displayed.
I acknowledge that you reject the provided dictionary definition for 'projecting' (extending outward beyond something else). I assume you are doing this in order to attempt to sound consistent.
I acknowledge that you think I'm unable to form mental images and see no reason to give credit to this ad hominem by defending myself from such an odd debate claim.

In debate, I would encourage you to leave your minds eye out of it and use words as they have been defined due to the fact that dictionaries are far more consistent then each individuals minds eye would be. Words have meaning and ignoring the meaning of words should be avoided lest confusion is the desired outcome.

If you can think of anything that might suggest that consciousness is external from our functioning minds, that might be interesting.
You can give a man a fish and he will be fed for a day, or you can teach a man to pray for fish and he will starve to death.

I blame man for codifying those rules into a book which allowed superstitious people to perpetuate a barbaric practice. Rules that must be followed or face an invisible beings wrath. - KenRU

It is sad that in an age of freedom some people are enslaved by the nomads of old. - Marco

If you are unable to demonstrate that what you believe is true and you absolve yourself of the burden of proof, then what is the purpose of your arguments? - brunumb

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Re: Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #158

Post by William »

[Replying to Clownboat in post #157]
I acknowledge that you reject the provided dictionary definition...
Dictionary definitions of acknowledge (Oxford/Merriam-Webster/Cambridge):
Oxford Languages:
accept or admit the existence or truth of.
Example: “The government acknowledged the need for legal changes.”

Merriam-Webster:
to recognize the rights, authority, or status of; to admit the truth or existence of; to express thanks or gratitude for.

Cambridge:
to accept, admit, or recognize something, or the truth or existence of something.
Your use of acknowledge is itself a misuse. Dictionaries define it as recognize, admit, or express thanks. You’ve twisted it into "concede guilt", which isn’t in any entry. In employing this misuse, you’ve violated the very standard you pretend to uphold.
...you reject the provided dictionary definition for 'projecting' (extending outward beyond something else).
Dictionary definitions of project (Oxford/Merriam-Webster/Cambridge):
Oxford Languages:
extend outward beyond something else; protrude.
present or promote (someone or something) in a particular way.
imagine (oneself, another person, or a situation) in a particular future role or state.
cause (an image) to appear on a surface.

Merriam-Webster:
to cause (light, an image, etc.) to appear on a surface.
to plan, figure, or estimate for the future.
to attribute (one's own ideas, feelings, or characteristics) to other people or to objects.
to jut out.

Cambridge:
to cause a film, image, or light to appear on a screen or other surface.
to estimate what the size, cost, or amount of something will be in the future.
to imagine what a situation will be like in the future.
to cause your voice to be heard at a distance.
to wrongly imagine that someone else is feeling a particular emotion that is really yours.
to stick out beyond the edge of something.
You’ve cherry-picked one sense (extend outward) and presented it as if it were the only one. Dictionaries themselves include internal, metaphorical, and figurative senses: projecting as imagining, attributing, visualizing. My use of “projection” in reference to the mind’s eye is directly supported by those same entries. In ignoring these, you’ve misused the dictionary the same way a proof-texter misuses scripture ... elevating one slice while discarding the rest.
I assume...
Dictionary definitions of assume (Oxford/Merriam-Webster/Cambridge):
Oxford Languages:
suppose to be the case, without proof.
take or begin to have (power or responsibility).
seize (power or control).

Merriam-Webster:
to take for granted or without proof.
to take to or upon oneself.
to take in a pretended way; feign.

Cambridge:
to accept something to be true without question or proof.
to pretend to have a different name or be someone you are not, or to express a feeling falsely.
Your “assumption” is exactly that - supposition without proof. The dictionaries define assume as “to suppose without evidence” or “to feign.” In using it here, you admit you are not presenting fact but speculation dressed as certainty. By your own chosen standard of dictionary authority, your claim collapses: it is nothing more than an unproven guess.
...you are doing this in order to attempt to sound consistent.
Dictionary definitions of consistent (Oxford/Merriam-Webster/Cambridge):
Oxford Languages:
acting or done in the same way over time, especially so as to be fair or accurate.
(of a person, behavior, or process) unchanging in achievement or effect over a period of time.

Merriam-Webster:
marked by harmony, regularity, or steady continuity.
free from variation or contradiction.

Cambridge:
always behaving or happening in a similar, especially positive, way.
in agreement with other facts or with typical or previous behavior, or having the same principles as something else.
According to the dictionaries you hold as the standard, consistent is a positive quality ... steady, harmonious, free from contradiction. Yet you frame it as if being consistent were a fault, or a trick. By your own cited authority, my effort to remain consistent is exactly what debate requires. The misuse here is yours: you’ve twisted a virtue into an accusation.
I acknowledge that you think I'm unable to form mental images and see no reason to give credit to this ad hominem by defending myself from such an odd debate claim.
Dictionary definitions of mind’s eye (Oxford/Merriam-Webster/Cambridge):
Oxford Languages:
the imagination, or the way someone thinks about things in their mind.
Example: “In his mind’s eye, he saw her clearly.”

Merriam-Webster:
the mental faculty of conceiving imaginary or recollected scenes.

Cambridge:
the part of your mind that allows you to imagine seeing things.
Example: “In his mind’s eye, he could see his school as it was 20 years ago.”
Your attempt to recast this as “ad hominem” ignores the fact that the mind’s eye is a dictionary-recognized concept. Pointing out different cognitive styles - some people with vivid inner imagery, some without - isn’t insult, it’s description. Dictionaries themselves validate the term and its meaning. By refusing to “give credit,” you are not defending against insult, you are denying entries in the very authority you claim to uphold.

And yes, my thinking that you may lack this capacity is directly tied to why you confuse internal mind’s-eye projection with external physical projection, and why you mistakenly insist I must have dropped Simulation Theory as a result. Clearly, the reader can now see that this is not the case... and that my well-meaning query, intended to find level ground, has instead exposed your intention to double down.
In debate, I would encourage you to leave your minds eye out of it and use words as they have been defined due to the fact that dictionaries are far more consistent then each individuals minds eye would be.
You instruct me to “leave the mind’s eye out of it”, yet the mind’s eye is itself a dictionary-defined phrase, with long-standing, consistent usage. By your own standard, I am not violating dictionary authority; I am following it. What’s inconsistent here is not my use of language, but your selective application of the dictionary: embracing one entry when it suits your binary, discarding another when it challenges it.
Thus your “advice” itself is ad hoc. You discard dictionary entries when they contradict you (as with mind’s eye) and then invoke the dictionary when it serves your binary. That isn’t consistency ... it’s opportunism. A poor debate tactic, and demonstrably demolishable.
Demonstrably

Oxford Languages: in a way that is clearly apparent or capable of being logically proved.

Merriam-Webster: capable of being demonstrated; capable of being proved.

Cambridge: in a way that can be shown or proved.

Demolishable

Oxford Languages: able to be pulled or knocked down.

*Merriam-Webster (demolish): to tear down completely; to break to pieces; to put an end to.

Cambridge: to completely destroy a building; to prove that an argument or theory is wrong.
Words have meaning and ignoring the meaning of words should be avoided lest confusion is the desired outcome.
Dictionary definitions of word (Oxford/Merriam-Webster/Cambridge):
Oxford Languages:
a single distinct meaningful element of speech or writing.

Merriam-Webster:
a speech sound or series of speech sounds that symbolizes and communicates a meaning without being divisible into smaller units capable of independent use.

Cambridge:
a single unit of language that has meaning and can be spoken or written.
Indeed, words have meaning, but as the dictionaries show, they have multiple meanings, not just the one you elevate. Ignoring alternative senses is itself ignoring “the meaning of words.” Ironically, by flattening language to your single preferred slice, you are the one producing confusion.

Your sermon here isn’t about words having meaning, it’s about words having only your meaning. That is also referred to as “projection.”
If you can think of anything that might suggest that consciousness is external from our...
Dictionary definitions of external (Oxford/Merriam-Webster/Cambridge):
Oxford Languages:
belonging to or forming the outer surface or structure of something.
coming or derived from a source outside the subject affected.

Merriam-Webster:
situated outside, apart, or beyond; relating to, or connected with the outside or an outer part.
arising or acting from outside.

Cambridge:
of, on, for, or coming from the outside.
relating to foreign countries or affairs.
coming from outside, or not relating to something.
Your demand presumes that “consciousness” must either be inside the brain or outside the brain. That’s a false binary. Consciousness, as even the dictionaries allow, is not necessarily confined to “external” or “internal” surfaces. The mind’s eye (itself dictionary-defined) is evidence of how experience is projected in ways not reducible to “external” at all.
.. functioning minds, that might be interesting.
Dictionary definitions of mind (Oxford/Merriam-Webster/Cambridge):
Oxford Languages:
the element of a person that enables them to be aware of the world and their experiences, to think, and to feel; the faculty of consciousness and thought.
a person’s ability to think and reason; their intelligence.
a person’s attention.

Merriam-Webster:
the element or complex of elements in an individual that feels, perceives, thinks, wills, and especially reasons.
the conscious mental events and capabilities in an organism.
the organized conscious and unconscious adaptive mental activity of an organism.

Cambridge:
the part of a person that makes it possible for them to think, feel emotions, and understand things.
someone’s memory or ability to think, feel emotions, and be aware of things.
the way someone thinks or the set of ideas someone has.
By dictionary definition, the mind is already the faculty of consciousness. Your challenge - to show that “consciousness is external from our functioning minds” - is therefore self-contradictory. It is like asking whether “heat” can be external from “warmth.” If you want to be consistent with dictionary authority, then mind is consciousness in action. The binary you insist on collapses under the very standard you claim to uphold.

What would truly be interesting for me, would be to see you own the time-wasting tactic you’ve been employing, by admitting what it clearly is: a boring exercise going nowhere interesting.
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Justified Fact Claim(JFC) Example, The Earth is spherical in shape. (Knowledge-based belief)
Irrefutable Fact Claim (IFC) Example Humans in general experience some level of self-awareness. (Knowledge-based knowledge)

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Re: Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #159

Post by Clownboat »

William wrote: Tue Aug 26, 2025 3:13 pm Indeed, words have meaning, but as the dictionaries show, they have multiple meanings,
This is why when I have been using important words here, I supply the definition that I'm using so we are all on the same page. It helps to foster good debate and shows that I'm not using some imagined 'minds eye' definition. Your minds eyes might imagine what is wants to see and it will not be consistent with another's minds eye/imaginings, therefore pointing to the dictionary definition for a word to explain how we are using it is superior in debate due to the clarity it provides.

There is literally nothing you posted that is worth a reply outside of clarifying why I supply definitions.

At this time, it seems to me that consciousness requires nothing but a functioning brain in order to emerge, come about, or whatever word you want to use that wont get you hung up. I assume you agree.

If you can think of anything that might suggest that consciousness is external from our functioning brains, THAT might be interesting and worth debating.
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Re: Mental imagery as non-physical perception pt. 2

Post #160

Post by William »

[Replying to Clownboat in post #159]
At this time, it seems to me that consciousness requires nothing but a functioning brain in order to emerge, come about, or whatever word you want to use that wont get you hung up. I assume you agree.
At this time if it seems to you that consciousness requires nothing but a functioning brain in order to emerge,... then whatever word you want to use is all that matters because your assumption that I agree is based on whatever word YOU want to use, not me.

What I can do is assist you with fair use of the beloved dictionary - and the word you are currently using "emerge" and you can tell me if that is what you are trying to describe re this notion.

(Alien Voice:)
Here are the dictionary cuts for emerge:

Oxford Languages: “Move out of or away from something and become visible.” / “Become apparent, important, or prominent.”

Merriam-Webster: “To become manifest: become known.” / “To rise from or as if from an enveloping fluid.” / “To come into being through evolution.”

Cambridge: “To appear by coming out of something or out from behind something.” / “To become known, especially as a result of examining something or asking questions about it.”



Let me know if these definitions clearly explain what you think of as "to emerge from" (in this case "the brain") and we can take the next step examining what you think things "seem to be".
Image

An immaterial nothing creating a material something is as logically sound as square circles and married bachelors.


Unjustified Fact Claim(UFC) example - belief (of any sort) based on personal subjective experience. (Belief-based belief)
Justified Fact Claim(JFC) Example, The Earth is spherical in shape. (Knowledge-based belief)
Irrefutable Fact Claim (IFC) Example Humans in general experience some level of self-awareness. (Knowledge-based knowledge)

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