Well this is what I think:
Nirvana-Eld wrote:First: What is the relationship between the mind and the conscious self?
The mind is the 6th sense in effect. It's another form of input - along with sight, smell, taste etc. - to the entity we call self. The entity which we call self is itself not an independent entity, but a component part of the greater environment around it.
The conscious self only exists inasmuch as how we define one for ourselves and others. What we call 'self' is like an internal picture of how we view ourselves (often different to how others view us); it's a collection of thoughts and opinions. There's no reality in it beyond that.
Second: Is the soul synonymous with the conscious self?
I don't think so, but ...
Third: What is the purpose of this soul?
... I don't tend to think there's anything that we can define as a separate soul. I would tend to lean towards the more physical descriptions that others have postulated here.
Fourth: What reasons is there for the soul to survive the body?
None whatsoever. That is to say it doesn't survive as a separate entity. The things that make us what we are survive the same way they were there before we were born. The only difference is that when we're alive we have a brain - and, more specifically, an ego - that defines this concept of 'self'. When we're dead we don't have that.
We are an expression of the 'whole' in the same way that a wave is an expression of the water; not separate from the water, yet distinct from it in its own way.
Just my opinions though. I could be wrong.